An Expanded View from An Ethicist Dr. Karen Houle, Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Guelph, November 2013

Although I am certainly not arguing that we ought never to make judgments – they are urgently necessary for political, legal and personal life alike – I think that it is important to remember that not all ethical relations are reducible to acts of judgment. Judith Butler

 Under the terms of the Tri-Council Policy Statement on Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Human Participants (2 nd edition) institutions, not just individual researchers are responsible for “building a culture of research integrity” and “fostering a positive research environment.”

 That ‘culture of integrity’ includes but is not exhausted by the important & good rights-based governance work overseen by Research Ethics Policy and its administration—  That ‘positive environment’ includes but is not limited to what is found in, happens in, and comes out of, labs & field work; that is, it includes but exceeds the ‘conduct of research.’ Two Wider Interpretations

 Therefore, the scope and nature of ethical responsibility of an institution for ethical responsibility exceeds its formal organizational structures, legislative practices, models of best practice, its rules, its policies and mandated routines… no matter how clear the rules, no matter how well the guidelines are crafted, no matter how ‘secure’ its systems, no matter how skilled its administrators & advisors are at defining & understanding ‘harm to human subjects,’ discerning ‘compliance,’ ‘certifying eligibility, spotting ‘conflicts of interest,’ policing ‘falsification,’ judging ‘reasonableness’ and identifying ‘consensus.’ The Upshot

 Professional norms and practices of staff, faculty, students, collaborators, sponsors and visitors--  Individual and collective ethical decision making processes --  Leadership, training and expertise (or lack) in ethics and ethical theory--  Authenticity and Character (Virtue Ethics)  Value-Creation & Destruction in acts, images, attitudes, objects: (racism, sexism, homophobia, environmental apathy,  Aesthetics (contemplation, ugly spaces)  Power relations  Financial management policies and auditing  Civility and Etiquette, Cultural Sensitivity  Production of & access to information; accumulation and circulation patterns of academic capital  Terminology, concepts, language and discourse of, and for, values—  Governance of Research Conduct involving Human Participants, Animals, Biological Specimens, Hazardous Goods, Environmental Impacts… The ‘Value Domain’ of a University Includes: Dr. Karen Houle, Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Guelph, November 2013

..The sense of morality as higher, an ethos or ethical stance toward existence…contrasted with morality in the narrower sense; what the moral worth of actions consist in: a functionalist view… Schopenhauer (World as Will and Representation, Part 2, p. 47)

Dr. Karen Houle, Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Guelph, November 2013

Ideal (admittedly utopian) expansion:  Ensure all faculty, students and researchers take at least one full semester course in Ethics (and Ethical Theory) taught by someone with professional accreditation & training as an Ethicist--  Ensure that all Research Ethics Officers have background in Ethics (MA or PhD) and that all staff in Research Office take professional training workshops in Ethics–  Award models of good personhood, good relationships, healthy working climates, beautiful spaces rather than only react to infringement.  Officially promote a vision of ethics that includes but goes well beyond the functions performed by the Research Ethics offices-  Actively promote a broad spread understanding of ethics that sees it is not the same as ideology or theology: it is a mode of critical engagement with the world and ones activities which enables value to evolve & grow--  Promote and support an expanded, positive, robust vision of ethics as integral to the betterment of science and its practices, rather than antithetical to it, hostile to it, or something that just gets in the way of the functioning of the enterprise of research—  DISCUSSION: What is possible? What has been done elsewhere?. Dr. Karen Houle, Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Guelph, November 2013