15-1 Environmental Geology James Reichard Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

15-2 Chapter 15 Pollution and Waste Disposal

15-3 Waste Disposal Historical waste disposal Historical waste disposal US Environmental Laws US Environmental Laws NEPA National Environmental Policy Act 1969 NEPA National Environmental Policy Act 1969 Clean Air Act 1970 Clean Air Act 1970 Clean Water Act 1972 Clean Water Act 1972 CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation &Liability Act 1980 CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation &Liability Act 1980 RCRA Resource Conservation & Recovery Act 1976 RCRA Resource Conservation & Recovery Act 1976

15-4 Pollution & Contamination Polluted Polluted Introduced substance reaches harmful concentrations Introduced substance reaches harmful concentrations Contaminated Contaminated Substance above natural levels Substance above natural levels

15-5 Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL)

15-6 Movement of Pollutants Point source Point source Non point source Non point source

15-7 Point Source & Non Point Source

15-8 Contaminant Plume

15-9 Solid Waste Municipal solid waste Municipal solid waste Solid waste stream Solid waste stream

15-10 Solid Waste Stream Sanitary landfill Sanitary landfill leachate leachate Containment landfill Containment landfill

15-11 Waste Management

15-12 Solid Hazardous Waste Secured landfills Secured landfills Hazardous waste incinerators Hazardous waste incinerators Electronic waste Electronic waste Dry cell batteries Dry cell batteries Wet cell batteries Wet cell batteries Tires Tires

15-13 Liquid Waste Disposal Wastewater Wastewater Sewage Sewage Liquid hazardous waste Liquid hazardous waste Secured landfill Secured landfill Deep well injection Deep well injection

15-14 Deep Well Injection

15-15 Wastewater Human waste Human waste Septic systems Septic systems Municipal wastewater treatment Municipal wastewater treatment

15-16 Municipal Wastewater Treatment

15-17 Agricultural & Urban Actions Agricultural chemicals Agricultural chemicals Animal waste Animal waste Sediment pollution Sediment pollution

15-18 Radioactive Waste Disposal Radiation hazards Radiation hazards Disposal problems Disposal problems High level waste High level waste Low level waste Low level waste

15-19 Air Pollution and Fallout Acid rain Acid rain Mercury fallout Mercury fallout Radon Radon