Personal Protective Equipment Personnel must be protected from the hazards at the scene OSHA 29 CFR 1910.132 Personal Protective Equipment OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory Protection NFPA 472 Standard for Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Designed to protect the Skin Eyes Face Hands Feet Body Head Respiratory System

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Must protect the wearer from Heat Hazardous materials Contacting skin, eyes No single ensemble can protect against all hazards Must be concerned when choosing PPE Firefighter turn out gear Easily penetrated by fumes and vapors

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type NFPA 472 identifies three types of protective clothing: Structural fire-fighting protective clothing High-temperature protective clothing Chemical-protective clothing (CPC)

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Structural Fire-Fighting Protective Clothing Protects wearer from Heat Moisture Ordinary hazards associated with structural fire fighting Helmet Coat Pants Boots Gloves PASS Device Hood

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Structural Fire-Fighting Protective Clothing Provides limited protection against hazardous materials Neither corrosive-resistant nor vapor-tight Any liquids can soak through Acids and bases can dissolve (deteriorate) the outer layers Gases can penetrate the garment

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Structural Fire-Fighting Protective Clothing Hazardous materials may permeate any protective clothing Pass through at the molecular level Remain in the protective equipment Subjects the wearer to repeated exposures May render it unsafe for use

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Structural Fire-Fighting Protective Clothing Never clean turn-out gear at Home Public laundries Any place that they might mix with other clothing Never wear it into Sleeping areas Living areas

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Structural Fire-Fighting Protective Clothing Commonly used at hazardous materials incidents when the following conditions are met: Contact with splashes of extremely hazardous materials is unlikely Total atmospheric concentrations do not contain high levels of chemicals that are toxic to the skin There are no adverse effects from chemical exposure to small areas of unprotected skin There is a chance of fire or there is a fire and this type of protection is appropriate

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type High-Temperature Protective Clothing Designed to protect the wearer from short-term high-temperature exposures Heat levels exceed the capabilities of standard fire-fighting protective clothing Provides limited use in dealing with chemical hazards

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type High-Temperature Protective Clothing Proximity Suits Permit close approach to fire for Rescue Fire-Suppression Property Conservation Aircraft rescue Flammable liquid fires

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type High-Temperature Protective Clothing Fire-Entry Suits Allow a person to work in total flame environments for short periods of time Short-duration and close-proximity protection Radiant heat as high as 2,000o F Each suit has a specific use Not interchangeable Not designed to protect the wearer against chemical hazards

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type High-Temperature Protective Clothing Limitations Contributes to heat stress Bulky Limits wearer’s vision Limits wearer’s mobility Limits communications Requires frequent and extensive training Expensive to purchase

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) Purpose is to shield or isolate individuals from the chemical, physical and biological hazards NFPA recognizes two types: Liquid splash protective clothing Vapor protective clothing CPC is made from a variety of different materials None of which protects against all types of hazards

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) Manufacturer must provide a list of chemicals for which the suit is effective May be purchased as a single or multi-piece garment

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) Encapsulating Designed to completely cover the responder including the respiratory equipment Nonencapsulating Designed to provide protection in conjunction with the wearer’s respiratory protection Attached or detachable: Hood Gloves Boots

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) Designed to be impermeable to moisture Prohibits heat transfer from body through evaporation Causes a safety concern to the wearer Hot environments Extended work times Strenuous work

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) The effectiveness of CPC can be reduced by three actions: Permeation Degradation Penetration

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) Permeation Occurs when a chemical passes through a fabric on a molecular level Typically no visible evidence of chemicals permeating a material Manufacturers provide charts of breakthrough time

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) Degradation Chemical Degradation Occurs when the characteristics of a material are altered through contact with chemical substances Cracking Brittleness Most common observations Discoloration Swelling Loss of strength

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) Penetration Occurs when a hazardous material enters an opening or a puncture in a protective material Rips Tears Cuts Open zippers Unsealed seams

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) Service Life May be labeled for: Reusable Multiuse Repeated use Limited Use Not disposable Disposable For one-time use

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) OSHA identifies the following emergency response operations that may require the use of a CPC Site Survey Rescue Spill Mitigation Emergency Monitoring Decontamination Evacuation

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) Written Management Program Must reference 29 CFR 1910.120 HAZWOPER Policy statements Procedures Guidelines Copies must be made to all personnel who may use CPC Two basic objectives: Protect the wearer from safety and health hazards Prevent injury to the wearer

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) Written Management Program Should include the following elements: Hazard Identification Medical Monitoring Environmental Surveillance Selection, Care, Testing and Maintenance TRAINING

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) Liquid-Splash Protective Clothing Designed to protect users from chemical liquid splashes Does not protect against vapors or gases Encapsulating Single, one-piece garment Boots and gloves are sometimes separate Nonencapsulating One-piece coverall or individual pieces May be used in conjunction with respiratory protection

Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Clothing Type Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) Vapor-Protective Clothing Designed to protect the wearer against chemical vapors or gases Offers a greater level of protection than splash protective suits Must be worn with positive pressure SCBA or SAR Tested against 21 challenge chemicals

Personal Protective Equipment Respiratory Protection Types Atmosphere-Supplying Respirators Provides air from a source other than the surrounding atmosphere Positive-Pressure SCBA Closed-Circuit Open-Circuit Supplied Air Respirator

Personal Protective Equipment Respiratory Protection Types Particulate-Removing Filters Protects the user from particulates Including airborne diseases Absolute Use screening to remove particles from the air Excludes the particles that are larger than the filter’s pores Nonabsolute Contain pores larger than the particles

Personal Protective Equipment Respiratory Protection Types Vapor and Gas – Removing Filters Designed to protect against specific vapors Catalyst Substance that influences the rate of chemical reaction Sorbent Material that absorbs or adsorbs

Personal Protective Equipment Respiratory Protection Programs Defined in a written document Facepiece Fit Testing Annually Medical clearance is required first Medical Testing Annual physical

Personal Protective Equipment EPA Levels of Protection Level A Highest level of protection Vapors Gases Mists Particles Fully encapsulation suit

Personal Protective Equipment EPA Levels of Protection Level B Garment that includes an SCBA and provides protection against splashes Worn with a high level of respiratory protection Encapsulating Nonencapsulating

Personal Protective Equipment EPA Levels of Protection Level C Splash-protecting garment Low level of respiratory protection Air-purifying device Level D Work uniforms, street clothing, coveralls

Personal Protective Equipment Climate Concerns and Health Issues Heat Disorders Heat Stroke Heat Exhaustion Heat Cramps Heat Rashes Heat Fatigue

Personal Protective Equipment Climate Concerns and Health Issues Heat-Exposure Prevention Fluid Consumption Body Ventilation Body Cooling Rest Areas Work Rotation Proper Liquids Physical Fitness

Personal Protective Equipment Climate Concerns and Health Issues Cold Disorders Hypothermia Trench Foot Frostbite

Personal Protective Equipment Climate Concerns and Health Issues Medical Monitoring Required by NFPA 471 Conducted: Before responders wear PPE After they are decontaminated Vital signs Hydration Skin Mental Status Medical History Post medical follow-up is also required

Personal Protective Equipment Works Cited N.F.P.A. 472 “Standard for Competence of responders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents” 2008 Edition N.F.P.A 1001 “Standard for Professional Firefighter Qualifications” 2008 Edition N.F.P.A. 1561 “Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System” 2008 Edition O.S.H.A 29 CFR 1910.120 “Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response” U.S. DOT “Emergency Response Guidebook” 2008 Edition