Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age Chapter 5 Section 3

Key Terms Direct democracy Classical art Tragedy Comedy Peloponnesian Wars Philosopher Socrates Aristotle Plato Key Terms

Pericles Plan for Athens Wise and able statesman Ruled for 32 years Called the Golden Age Drama, sculpture, poetry, philosophy, architecture, science all reached new heights Pericles Plan for Athens

Pericles’ Plan for Athens 3 goals To strengthen Athenian democracy To hold and strengthen the empire To glorify Athens Pericles’ Plan for Athens

Stronger Democracy Increased public officials who were paid Most positions had been unpaid Only wealthy served Had more citizens involved in self government One of the most democratic governments in history Stronger Democracy

Direct democracy- citizens rule directly and not through representatives Male citizens on the assembly established all important government policies Stronger Democracy

Athenian Empire Delian League formed after Persia’s defeat Athens took over the league and dominated other city-states Athenian navy the strongest Treated other members as past of an empire Some groups opposed this and formed the Peloponnesian League Athenian Empire

Glorifying Athens Used Delian League money to beautify Athens Voted to buy huge sums of gold, ivory and marble More money went to architecture, artists, workers and materials Glorifying Athens

Architecture and Sculpture Partheon-23,000 square foot building Built to honor Athena Created a 30 foot statue of Athena with gold and ivory Create graceful, strong , perfectly formed sculptures Architecture and Sculpture

Architecture and Sculpture Sculptors aimed to create figures who were Graceful Strong Perfectly formed Faced showed joy not anger Classical Art-capture grace and body in motion, ideal beauty, harmony, balance, proportion Architecture and Sculpture

Drama and History Greeks invented dramas Theatrical productions were expressions of civic pride and tribute to the gods Wealthy citizens bore the cost Actors used costumes and masks Plays included choruses, song and poetry Drama and History

Tragedy and Comedy Tragedy-serious drama about love, hate, betrayal Main character a tragic hero Gifted with extraordinary abilities Tragic flaw would cause heroes downfall Hubris-excessive pride usual flaw Tragedy and Comedy

Tragedy and Comedy Greeks had three notable dramatists Aeschylus- wrote 80 plays Trilogy Oresteia Family of Agamemnon the Mycenaean king commanded troops at Troy Examines ideas of justice Tragedy and Comedy

Tragedy and Comedy Sophocles Euripides Wrote 100 plays Oedipus the King of Antigone Euripides Medea Often featured strong women in his works Tragedy and Comedy

Comedy Scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude humor Made fun of politicians and respected people Aristophanes wrote the first great comedies The Birds of Lysistrata Women forcing men to end Peloponnesian War Showed openness of public discussion Comedy

History No written records from the Dorian Period Herodotus- pioneered accurate recordings of what took place Book on Persian Wars first work of history Thucydides-certain types of situations recur over time Studying these event could aid in understanding the present History

Athenians and Spartans go to War Peloponnesian War- war between the two leagues Athens stronger navy Sparta stronger army Sparta marched into Athenian territory and burnt food supply Pericles brought everyone inside the city walls Athenians and Spartans go to War

Athenians and Spartans go to War City was safe Ships brought in food Second year of war plague strikes One-third of population dies Pericles dies 421 BC sign a peace treaty Athenians and Spartans go to War

Sparta Gains Victory 415 BC Athenians sent their fleet to Sicily Wanted to destroy Syracuse a wealthy Spartan ally 413 BC Athenians crushed 404 BC Athens and allies surrender Sparta Gains Victory

Philosophers Search for Truth Athenians lost confidence in their government and questioned their values Philosophers-lovers of wisdom Two assumptions The universe is put together in an orderly way and subject to absolute and unchanging laws People can understand these laws through logic and reason Philosophers Search for Truth

Philosophers Search for Truth Sophists- questioned people unexamined beliefs and ideas on justice and values Protagoras- questioned the existence of gods No universal standard of truth “Man is the measure of all things” Philosophers Search for Truth

Socrates Critic of Sophists Believed absolute standards did exist Encourage Greeks to go further and question themselves and their character “The unexamined life is worth living.” Socrates

Socrates 399 BC brought to trial for “corrupting youth of Athens” “neglecting the city’s gods” Socrates said his teaching were good for Athens Forced people to think about their values and actions Died from drinking hemlock Socrates

Plato Student of Socrates 370 Plato wrote The Republic Set forth a vision of a perfect society Not a democracy All citizens fall into three groups Farmers and artisans, warriors, ruling class Person with greatest insight would be the philosopher king Plato

Questioned the nature of the world and human belief and knowledge Invented method of arguing rules of logic Applied his methods to psychology, physics, and biology Basis of scientific method Most famous pupil Alexander the Great Aristotle