Do Now Grab an Old Textbook … open to – and read – page 39 “Buddhism” Answer the questions below Who was Buddha? Where did Buddhism begin?

 Born Siddhartha Gautama in 563 BC  In northern India (today Nepal)

 Life is full of suffering that we must escape  Desires are suffering  Meditation can help one reach their goal, become enlightened and reach…  Nirvana – the ultimate reality

 Monks, these two extremes ought not to be encouraged by the recluse. What two? Sensual indulgence (overeating), which is low, vulgar, worldly, ignoble, (corrupt), and conducive (helpful) to harm; and self- mortification (fasting), which is painful, ignoble, and conducive to harm. The middle path, monks, avoiding the extremes, gives vision and knowledge and leads to calm, realization, enlightenment, and Nirvana. And what, monks, is that middle path? It is this Noble Eightfold Path, namely: right understanding, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration. - The Buddha, speaking to his followers, c. 589 BC

 Know the 4 Noble Truths  Follow the Middle Path – or Eightfold Path Suffering part of human life Suffering comes from desires for pleasure, material goods Overcoming desires ends suffering Desires can be overcome by following Eightfold Path  Dharma Wheel Dharma – Buddhist laws

Series of Steps Leading to Enlightenment, Salvation Right view, or accepting the Four Noble Truths Right attitude, or striving for moderation in all things Right speech, avoiding lies, boasts, and hurtful words Right action, or treating others fairly Right livelihood, avoiding jobs that could bring harm to others Right effort, or constantly trying to improve oneself Right mindfulness, or remaining aware of world around one Right concentration, or ignoring temptation and discomfort while meditating

 Beginnings?  Basic Beliefs?  Laws?  Goal?

Ancient India and China Section 3 Focus How did the early life of the Buddha lead to the beginnings of Buddhism? What are the major teachings of Buddhism? What areas were affected by the spread of Buddhism? Main Idea Buddhism, which teaches people that they can escape the suffering of the world through the Buddha’s teachings, developed in India and spread to other parts of Asia and the world. Buddhism

Ancient India and China Section 3 In addition to Hinduism, another of the world’s major religions developed in ancient India. That religion was Buddhism. Much of what is known about life of the Buddha from accounts in Buddhist literature Siddhartha Gautama born approx. 563 BC Prince of small kingdom in what is now Nepal –Led sheltered life –Unaware of hardship –Life changed when learned people got old, sick, died Early Life Gautama resolved to find way to overcome age, sickness, keep people from suffering Gave up possessions, left palace Sought enlightenment, spiritual understanding for six years Studied with gurus, monks but decided they could not teach way to enlightenment Buddha’s Enlightenment The Life of the Buddha

Ancient India and China Section 3 The Life of the Buddha Gautama was determined to find way to end human suffering Sat under tree, no teachers, no companions, determined not to arise until he found way –Stories say he meditated all night –Resolve tested by violent storms, earthly temptations –At daybreak, had been transformed, found enlightenment, became the Buddha, Enlightened One –Temple built where he meditated, Bodh Gaya, one of Buddhism’s most sacred places

Ancient India and China Section 3 Explain How did Siddhartha Gautama become the Buddha? Answer(s): meditated under a tree, determined not to arise until he found solution to human suffering; was enlightened and transformed

Ancient India and China Section 3 Suffering part of human life Suffering comes from desires for pleasure, material goods Overcoming desires ends suffering Desires can be overcome by following Eightfold Path  Dharma Wheel Dharma – Buddhist laws Four Noble Truths After enlightenment achieved, Buddha meditated at Bodh Gaya seven weeks Set out to spread to others what he had learned Lessons became basic teachings of Buddhism Among ideas learned in meditation, central truths, called Four Noble Truths Buddhist Beliefs The Teachings of Buddhism

Ancient India and China Section 3 Dalai Lama - Tibet

Ancient India and China Section 3 Series of Steps Leading to Enlightenment, Salvation Right view, or accepting the reality of the Four Noble Truths Right attitude, or striving for moderation in all things Eightfold Path Right speech, avoiding lies, boasts, and hurtful words Right action, or treating others fairly Right livelihood, avoiding jobs that could bring harm to others Right effort, or constantly trying to improve oneself Right mindfulness, or remaining aware of world around one Right concentration, or ignoring temptation and discomfort while meditating

Ancient India and China Section 3 Nirvana The Buddha taught that those who followed Eightfold Path could attain nirvana – the ultimate reality State of perfect peace in which soul freed from suffering forever Those not attaining nirvana reborn to live through cycle of suffering again Basic teachings of Eightfold Path, Middle Way—living in moderation, avoiding extremes of comfort, discomfort in search for nirvana Samsara – cycle of reincarnation

Ancient India and China Section 3 After the Buddha’s death, differing opinions arose concerning the correct teachings and practices of Buddhism. Eventually three main Buddhist traditions formed—Theravada, Mahayana, and Tibetan. “Way of the Elders” Oldest tradition Best way to attain nirvana: be monk, nun, meditate Find one path to enlightenment; very much an individual religion Theravada Teaches people can help each other find enlightenment Not necessary to be monk, nun Bodhisattvas, enlightened people not yet passed to nirvana, help others Mahayana Shares many Mahayana teachings Also believes special techniques can harness spiritual energy, lead to nirvana in single lifetime Tibetan Divisions of Buddhism

Ancient India and China Section 3 Summarize What are the fundamental teachings of Buddhism? Answer(s): suffering comes from selfish desires; overcoming desire ends suffering; follow Eightfold Path to overcome desire

Ancient India and China Section 3 Ashoka also encouraged missionaries to carry the Buddha’s message to lands outside of India. Unlike Hinduism, which largely remained an Indian religion, Buddhism spread into other parts of the world. Today, more than 350 million people are Buddhists, most of them concentrated in Asia. Relatively few people in India are Buddhists today. Buddhist community in India grew throughout Buddha’s life Followers spread teachings after Buddha’s death Teachings not written down until first century BC; helped preserve, spread teachings throughout India Buddhism in India The Spread of Buddhism 200s BC, Buddhism reached peak in India during reign of emperor Ashoka Ashoka became Buddhist, helped spread Buddhism into all parts of India Ashoka

Ancient India and China Section 3 Traders Trade also helped spread Buddhism beyond India 200s BC, merchants traveling routes from India to Central Asia introduced Buddhist teachings Traders from Central, Southeast Asia took Buddhist teachings into China, slowly spreading, blending with native Chinese philosophies Buddhism Beyond India Ashoka sent missionaries to Sri Lanka, large island off India’s southern coast, and north to lands along Himalayas, east into lands of Southeast Asia Buddhism took firm hold in kingdoms that eventually became Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, islands of Indonesia

Ancient India and China Section 3 As Buddhism encountered other religious traditions outside India, it changed, developed Blending caused smaller traditions within Theravada, Mahayana Zen, branch of Mahayana, emphasized self-discipline, meditation Today Buddhism very diverse Change, Development From China, Buddhism eventually diffused into Korea, Japan AD 300s, first introduced to Korea Korean travelers took religion to Japan 200 years later By this time, Buddhism had become leading religion in East, Southeast Asia Korea and Japan Leading Asian Religion

Ancient India and China Section 3 Sequence How did Buddhism spread through Asia? Answer(s): through missionary work and trade

Ancient India and China Section 3

Ancient India and China Section 3 Buddhist Monks…

Ancient India and China Section 3 Thanks for stopping… Budai ~ Buddhist Chinese monk circa 10 th c. CE