Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint® Lectures Lectures by Chris Romero, Front Range Community College Pandora’s Baby Current Issues in Biology, Volume 1 Scientific American

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pandora’s Baby In vitro fertilization (IVF) has led to the birth of an estimated one million babies worldwide. When it was first carried out, many people felt that it was a threat to humanity. Today cloning is inspiring the same fears. Concept Review

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pandora’s Baby During the process of IVF, a sperm’s package of DNA is injected directly into a human egg. Early in its design, IVF was not regulated to any great degree by the government. In 1974, federal funding for research on the human embryo, including IVF, was banned. Concept Review Louise Brown, born in 1979, was the first “test tube baby” born using IVF.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pandora’s Baby One result of the unregulated nature of IVF is that it took nearly 25 years to recognize the health risks associated with this technique. Numerous studies have shown that babies born from IVF are at higher risk of developing birth defects. - An Australian study showed that IVF babies were twice as likely to have multiple birth defects as naturally conceived babies. Concept Review

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pandora’s Baby Today, in what appears to be an effort to avoid the mistakes made with IVF, the federal government is actively involved in regulating cloning. In order to make human cloning illegal, politicians have lumped different types of cloning into one category. Concept Review

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pandora’s Baby Concept Review Scientists have tried to keep these types of cloning separate: “Therapeutic” or “research” cloning, designed to produce embryonic stem cells to treat degenerative diseases. “Reproductive” cloning, done specifically to create a cloned human being.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pandora’s Baby Concept Review Although the medical downsides of IVF are now becoming clear, many of the more extreme predictions about IVF never came to pass. Human cloning may also turn out to be less frightening. The history of IVF reveals the pitfalls facing cloning if decision making is avoided.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pandora’s Baby A “test tube baby” is produced through the process of a) in vivo fertilization. b) in vitro fertilization. c) therapeutic cloning. d) reproductive cloning. Testing Your Comprehension

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pandora’s Baby Testing Your Comprehension A “test tube baby” is produced through the process of b) in vitro fertilization.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pandora’s Baby Testing Your Comprehension The type cloning that intends to produce embryonic stem cells is called a) therapeutic cloning. b) reproductive cloning. c) in vitro cloning. d) in vivo cloning.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pandora’s Baby Testing Your Comprehension The type cloning that intends to produce embryonic stem cells is called a) therapeutic cloning.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pandora’s Baby Testing Your Comprehension The type cloning that intends to produce a new living human is called a) therapeutic cloning. b) reproductive cloning. c) in vitro cloning. d) in vivo cloning.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pandora’s Baby Testing Your Comprehension The type cloning that intends to produce a new living human is called b) reproductive cloning.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pandora’s Baby Which of the following statements about the safety of IVF is most correct? a) No convincing data has ever been collected indicating that IVF babies have increased health risk. b) Since research began, it was clear that IVF babies have a small but significant increased health risk. c) Recent evidence suggests that IVF babies do have increased risk of low birth weight. d) Recent studies find increased risks of IVF babies include low birth weight and major birth defects. Testing Your Comprehension

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pandora’s Baby Testing Your Comprehension Which of the following statements about the safety of IVF is most correct? d) Recent studies find increased risks of IVF babies include low birth weight and major birth defects.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pandora’s Baby React to the following statement: Insurance companies should pay for infertile couples to have an IVF procedure. Biology In Society Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree A. E. C. B. D.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pandora’s Baby Biology In Society React to the following statement: I believe that all human cloning should be banned. Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree A. E. C. B. D.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pandora’s Baby Thinking About Science How might the procedures of human gene therapy and human therapeutic cloning be combined to cure a child born with a hereditary immune defect? Design a series of hypothetical procedures that might be effective.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pandora’s Baby Interpreting Data and Graphs A 2002 study compared the birth weights of 42,000 births conceived through assisted reproductive technology, including IVF, with three million babies conceived naturally. The study found that the “test tube babies” were two and a half times more likely to have low birth weights. From this data, what can you conclude about the effects of assisted reproductive technologies?