Computers Are Your Future Twelfth Edition Chapter 6: The Internet and the World Wide Web Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1

Objectives Define the Internet, and explain how it works. Describe methods for accessing the Internet. Differentiate between the Internet and the World Wide Web, and describe the elements that enable Web content to be displayed. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 2

Objectives Describe several methods of finding information on the Web including the use of a URL, surfing, conducting searches, and sharing with other Web users through RSS feeds, blogs, wikis, and podcasts. Identify features to look for when evaluating a Web site or its content. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3

Objectives List the most popular Internet services, and explain what they do. Describe the three types of e- commerce. List the rules of netiquette. List safe surfing procedures, and identify hazards of the Web. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4

What Is the Internet and How Does It Work? Internet o Global system of computers of thousands of privately and publicly owned computers and networks o Also known as the Net o Started in the 1960s o U.S. Department of Defense project ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) Purpose was to o Create a form of secure communication for military and scientific purposes o Create a method for transferring such communication between computers Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5

What Is the Internet and How Does It Work? Internet—composed of more than 750 million hosts Host—computer that has two-way access to other computers : o Receives requests o Replies to those requests Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6

Interoperability o Ability to work with different brands and models of computers Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) o Provides methods for packaging and transmitting information Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 7 What Is the Internet and How Does It Work?

Accessing the Internet: Going Online Internet service providers (ISPs) o Supply and sustain user connections to the Internet o Maintain the hardware and software o Protect their sites and networks from outside threats Online service provider (OSP) o A for-profit firm that provides a proprietary network o Offers special services only available to subscribers o Examples: MSN and AOL Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8

Accessing the Internet: Going Online Methods to access the Internet o Dial-up access—uses modem and telephone line o Digital subscriber line (DSL)—high-speed online connection—external modem with telephone lines o Cable access—high-speed Internet connection—cable modem not a phone line o Satellite—high-speed Internet service with antenna and dish connected to indoor receive unit (IRU) and indoor transmit unit (IRU) o Fiber-optic service—high-speed Internet—fiber-optic lines direct Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9

Accessing the Internet: Going Online Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 10

The Internet and the Web: What’s the Difference? World Wide Web (also known as the Web or WWW) o Contains billions of documents o Part of the Internet o Uses the Internet to transport information o Separate entity from the Internet o No one owns the Web o Standards and guidelines for the Web are published by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 11

The Internet and the Web: What’s the Difference? Web contains the information. Internet transports information to and from users. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 12

The Internet and the Web: What’s the Difference? Web page o Document that may include text, graphics, sound, animation, and video Web browser o Program that displays Web pages and linked items Web site o Collection of Web pages Typically contains a home page (also called an index page)—default page displayed when you enter a site Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 13

The Internet and the Web: What’s the Difference? Hypertext o Uses links to connect to additional related information Hyperlinks or links o Words and images that bring other documents into view when clicked Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) o Uses tags to specify how a Web page should display Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 14

The Internet and the Web: What’s the Difference? Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 15

The Internet and the Web: What’s the Difference? Distributed hypermedia system o Network-based content development system o Uses multimedia resources as a means to of navigation or illustration Web 2.0 o Current generation of the Web o Provides opportunities to collaborate, interface, and create new content using blogs, Wikis, and podcasts Some issues with Web distribution include: o Dead links (also known as broken links) o Information posted on the Web is not validated. o Information overload due to too much data Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 16

The Internet and the Web: What’s the Difference? The most popular Web browsers Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 17

The Internet and the Web: What’s the Difference? Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 18

The Internet and the Web: What’s the Difference? Web servers o Web sites and their associated information are stored here o Used to recognize information requests, process the requests, and send the requested documents Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 19

Finding Information on the Web Internet Protocol (IP) address o Every device connected to the Internet, including PCs and servers, is given a unique network identifier o Numerical identification and logical address Uniform Resource Locator (URL) o Identifies Internet resource’s type and location Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 20

Finding Information on the Web Complete URL is made up of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), domain name, path, and resource name. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 21

Finding Information on the Web Surfing the Web o Type a URL into the address bar o Click a tab in the browser window o Click a hyperlink History list o Compiles a list of the Web pages visited Favorites or Bookmarks feature o Allows Web pages visited often to be marked Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 22

Finding Information on the Web Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 23

Finding Information on the Web Downloading o Process of transferring a file or document from one computer to user’s computer Uploading o Process of transferring a file or document from user’s computer to another computer Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 24

Finding Information on the Web Subject guide o Web pages grouped under specific headings—offered by some search sites Portal o Web page that acts as a gateway to diverse sources and presents them in an organized way Clickstream o Trail of Web links followed to arrive at a particular site Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 25

Finding Information on the Web Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 26

Finding Information on the Web Search engines o Index databases of Web pages to enable fast information searches Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 27

Finding Information on the Web Specialized search engines o Index information, such as job advertisements, and names and addresses Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 28

Using Information from the Web Evaluate information obtained from the Web: o Who is author? o Does the author reference sources? o Who is the Web page affiliated with? Who pays for it? o Is the language objective/dispassionate or strident/argumentative? o What is the purpose of the page? o Does the information appear to be accurate? o Is the page current? Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 29

Using Information from the Web Use Web information for schoolwork. o Access authoritative online sources. o Locate published works. o Provide appropriate online and offline reference citations in your work. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 30

Exploring Internet Services Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 31 Internet service o Set of standards or protocols that identify how computers communicate through the Internet

Exploring Internet Services Electronic mail ( ) o Type of application software that makes sending and receiving messages through computer networks possible attachment o Computer file included with an message Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 32

Exploring Internet Services address o Unique cyberspace address for each individual o Consists of a user name, the name of the hosting service, and the top-level domain Spam o Unsolicited s, usually from advertisers o Do not open spam Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 33

Exploring Internet Services. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 34

Exploring Internet Services Instant messaging (IM) systems o Allow immediate, real-time communication with contacts Requires additional software Notifies users when a contact is connected to the Internet Spimming—spam for instant messaging Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 35

Exploring Internet Services Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 36

Exploring Internet Services Internet relay chat (IRC) o Special type of Internet service that gives users the ability to join chat groups called channels Social networking o Helps people connect o Sites such as MySpace provide the ability to create large communities online. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 37

Exploring Internet Services Usenet o Worldwide discussion system available through the Internet o Made up of many newsgroups—discussion groups dedicated to one topic o Discussions within newsgroups are in threads— groupings of commentaries on a particular subject Standard newsgroups—of high-quality discussions Alt newsgroups—created by anyone Biz newsgroups—devoted to commercial use Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 38

Exploring Internet Services Electronic mailing lists o Similar to newsgroups and forums, except that: Only subscribers can receive and view messages. Messages posted to the mailing list are automatically sent to everyone on the list. o Majordomo is a common freeware electronic mailing list manager. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 39

Exploring Internet Services File Transfer Protocol (FTP) o Method to transfer files over the Internet o Use when files are too large to attach to s o Usually requires a user name and a password o Use to upload Web pages Anonymous FTP o Files are available publicly available for downloading o Lack of security o Do not send sensitive material Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 40

E-Commerce E-commerce o Conducting business through the use of networks or the Internet E-tailers (Web-based retailers) o Online merchants Business-to-business (B2B) e- commerce o Refers to a business providing supplies to other businesses via the Internet Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 41

E-Commerce Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e- commerce o Refers to the exchange of business between individuals o Example: eBay Business-to-consumer (B2C) e- commerce o Refers to shopping online rather than at a physical store Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 42

E-Commerce Online shopping o Shop for good deals o Use shopping portals to compare prices and products Example: PriceGrabber.com o Look for coupons and rebates Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 43

Summary Define the Internet, and explain how it works. Describe methods for accessing the Internet. Differentiate between the Internet and the World Wide Web, and describe the elements that enable Web content to be displayed. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 44

Summary Describe several methods of finding information on the Web including the use of a URL, surfing, conducting searches, and sharing with other Web users through RSS feeds, blogs, wikis, and podcasts. Identify features to look for when evaluating a Web site or its content. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 45

Summary List the most popular Internet services, and explain what they do. Describe the three types of e-commerce. List the rules of netiquette. List safe surfing procedures, and identify hazards of the Web. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 46

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall47