Hazards review Week 25 REDD between Norway and Guyana:

2 Spec 2004: 2. Hazards Study Figure 2a, which is a map showing some of the main tectonic plate boundaries of the world a)(i) Describe what is happening at the two plate boundaries, A and B. (2) (ii) Name the type of plate boundary at A and B(2)

3 ( b) Study Figure 2b which is a map showing the world distribution of volcanoes and Earthquakes (i) Describe the distribution of earthquake belts.(2) (ii) Describe how the distribution of earthquakes can be related to plate movements, and give a reason for the relationship. (3) (iii) Explain the distribution of volcanoes. Shown on 2b(3)

4 (c) (i) in what ways might you collect peoples’ view on the management of a natural hazard? (2) (ii) What would you ask and how would ensure the information you collected was useful? (4) (d) Earthquakes affecting urban areas are usually more damaging than those affecting rural areas. (i) Give three reasons for this.(3) (ii) Using examples you have studied, describe hazardous events have been managed in LICs and HICs.(9)

5 Nov 2005: 2. Hazards (a) Study Figure 2. It is an emergency appeal from a newspaper. (i) What are tropical storms called in the Caribbean? (1) (ii) Name one other area of the world that is severely affected by tropical storms. (1) (iii) For either the Caribbean or the area named in (ii), 1. identify where the storms start 2. describe the general path they follow. (3)

6 (b) (i) Describe the weather associated with the passage of a tropical storm.(4) (ii) Explain why coastal areas are more hazardous than inland areas during the passage of a tropical storm.(4) (c) Explain how metrological information is collected about wind speed and rainfall. Describe/sketch how you would display your results(6) (d) (i) Name two environmental impacts of a tropical storm. (2) (ii) Explain how a country’s level of development might influence the effects that storms have on people. Give examples.(9)

7 May Hazards (a) Study Figure 2 which shows the position of the Pacific plate. (i) Describe the movement of the Pacific and North American plates along the San Andreas fault. (2) (ii) State two other ways in which plates move in relation to one another. (2) (iii) Suggest why the term ‘Pacific Ring of Fire’ is used. (2)

8 (b) During the 20th century the large city of San Francisco suffered two major earthquakes. (i) Use a labelled diagram to explain why San Francisco experiences earthquakes. Use Figure 2 to help you.(5) (PTO to scribble about this) (5) (ii) Describe the special risks that earthquakes have for large cities like San Francisco. (4) (c) Construct 3 questions that it would be appropriate to put in a survey about how a recent earthquake had been managed, e.g. New Zealand or Japan.(6) (d) Referring to examples, explain how careful preparation can limit natural hazard damage. (9)

9 Nov 2006: 2. Hazards: Study Figure 2, which shows areas experiencing different types of hazard. The boundary between LICs and HICs is also shown. (a) Of the hazards shown on Figure 2, state: (2) (i) one climatic hazard (ii) one non- climatic hazard

10 Nov 2006: 2. Hazards: Study Figure 2, which shows areas experiencing different types of hazard. The boundary between LICs and HICs is also shown. (b) Which three of the following areas experience both climatic and tectonic hazards? (3) Australia China Iceland Middle East West Indies (Caribbean) State the hazards experienced in each of these three areas. 1. Area: / Hazards 2. Area / Hazards: 3. Area: / Hazards:

11 (c) Explain the role of a Stevenson's screen in measuring weather conditions. Include how its design helps increase the accuracy of the measurements collected (6) Explain the difference between a natural hazard and a disaster.(3) (d) (i) Choose one of the following hazards: (4) an earthquake a volcanic eruption a tropical storm Chosen hazard Explain what causes this hazard to occur. A diagram may help your answer. (ii) Describe the problems that this hazard creates for people living in the area affected. (4) (iii) Suggest why these problems can differ, depending on the area’s level of economic development. Refer to Figure 2 and examples. (9)

12 Nov Hazards (a) Study Figure 2 which shows the area of India affected by a cyclone (tropical storm) in October 1999.

13 (i) State the impact of this cyclone in the state of Orissa on: (4) 1. the people2. the economy. (ii) Suggest why the storm lost strength as it crossed the state of Orissa. (2) (iii) Suggest why the storm lost strength as it crossed the state of Orissa. (2) (b) (i) Give one name, other than cyclone, by which tropical storms are known. (1) (ii) When are tropical storms most common in the Northern Hemisphere? Underline the correct statement.(1) June and July when sea temperatures are warming April and May when sea temperatures are cool September and October when sea temperatures are warmest (iii) Give two types of weather that occur with the arrival of a tropical storm.(2)

14 (c) Referring to examples, give two reasons why the impact of tropical storms is greater in some areas of the world than others.(4) (d) Study Figure 2(b) which is a simplified section through a tropical storm. Describe and explain the weather associated with the passage of such storms. (9)

15 May 2008: 2. Hazards: (a) Study Figure 2(a) which shows six different classes of earthquake on the Richter Scale. (i) What class of earthquake 1. occurred at Kobe in 1995 (strength 7.2) 2. caused the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 (strength 9.3)? (2) (ii) What class of earthquake starts to cause damage? Underline the correct category Minor moderate Strong(1)

16 May 2008: 2. Hazards: (b) Study Figure 2(b) which shows three zones of damage around the epicentre of an earthquake. (i) What is the epicentre? (2) (ii) Suggest how the amount of damage changes with distance from the epicentre. (2) (ii) Explain how 1. distance from the epicentre 2. the type of surface landscape determine the nature of the damage produced by an earthquake.(4)

17 (c) Describe the effects that earthquakes have on buildings and transport. Use your own knowledge as well as Figures 2(a) and 2(b). (4) (d) Explain how prediction and preparation can reduce the effects of an earthquake. Refer to named examples. (4) (e) Describe the impact of one named tropical storm. (9) Named hazard