The New Deal Chapter 15

Chapter Overview FDR launches a program aiming to end the Great Depression. The Depression and Roosevelt’s New Deal have profound effects on the nation.

The New Deal Fights Depression  Franklin Delano Roosevelt  Inauguration, March th Amendment  The New Deal—program designed to alleviate the Great Depression 3 Goals:  Relief for needy  Economic recovery  Financial reform

The New Deal Fights Depression  The Hundred Days—March 9-June 16 Congress passed more than 15 major pieces of New Deal legislation Expanding the role of government  The Importance of the Fireside Chat Explained the New Deal in clear, simple language Explained the banking system

The New Deal Fights Depression  Regulating Banking and Finance=1 st Step Emergency Banking Relief Act—authorized inspection of the country’s banks  Stable=Open; Unstable=Closed Glass-Steagall Act—Established FDIC  Provide federal insurance for individual bank accounts up to $5,000 Federal Securities Act—Stock companies responsible for misrepresentation Securities & Exchange Commission—regulate the stock market; prevent insider trading

The New Deal Fights Depression  Rural Assistance Agricultural Adjustment Act—raise crop prices by lowering production Tennessee Valley Authority—renovated & constructed dams in order to generate electricity and prevent floods

The New Deal Fights Depression  Providing Work Projects Civilian Conservation Corps—put young men (18-25) to work building roads, developing parks, planting trees, etc Public Works Administration—provided $ to state to create jobs in construction of school & community buildings Civil Works Administration (more of the same)

The New Deal Fights Depression  Promoting Fair Practices National Industrial Recovery Act National Recovery Administration—set prices to ensure fair competition and establish standards for working hours  Food, Clothing and Shelter Home Owners Loan Corporation Federal Housing Administration Federal Emergency Relief Administration

The New Deal Fights Depression  The People React Conservatives=too much spent Liberals=not enough done  The Supreme Court Reacts Called several New Deal programs unconstitutional—they gave too much power to federal government  AAA, NIRA  Court Packing FDR suggests 6 new justices be added Ultimately adds 7 of his choice over next 4 years

The Second New Deal Takes Hold  Reelecting FDR 1936, overwhelming victory  The Second New Deal Called for more extensive relief for farmers & workers  Helping Farmers Replaced 1 st AAA with Soil Conservation & Domestic Allotment Act 2 nd Agriculture Adjustment Act Farm Security Administration—loaned $ to farmers to buy land

The Second New Deal Takes Hold  Work Progress Administration create as many jobs as possible Built airports, roads, sewed clothes Criticized because private companies should give jobs, not the government  National Youth Administration specifically to provide education, jobs, counseling & recreation to young people

The Second New Deal Takes Hold  Improving Labor Conditions Wagner Act—protected workers rights to join unions & prohibited unfair labor practices National Labor Relations Board—to hear about unfair labor practices and provide workers union representation  Social Security Act Old-age insurance for retirees 65 or older & spouses Unemployment compensation Aid to families with dependent children & disabled

The Second New Deal Takes Hold  Expanding and Regulating Utilities Rural Electrification Administration—financed and worked with electrical cooperatives to bring electricity to isolated areas 1935, 12.6% , 48% , 90% Pg 500—New Deal Programs Chart

The New Deal Affects Many Groups  WOMEN  Eleanor Roosevelt pressured her husband to appoint women to government jobs  Frances Perkins—1 st female cabinet member; Secretary of Labor  Also appointed 2 female diplomats & a female federal judge

The New Deal Affects Many Groups  AFRICAN AMERICANS  Appointed 100+ to key positions in the government  Mary McLeod Bethune head of Negro Affairs of the National Youth Administration Organized “Black Cabinet” of influential African Americans to advise FDR administration on racial issues  Never fully committed to Civil Rights, but still had support from black community because New Deal was helping

The New Deal Affects Many Groups  NATIVE AMERICANS  John Collier—appointed commissioner of Indian Affairs  Helped create Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 Move away from assimilation Restored reservation land

The New Deal Affects Many Groups  New Deal Coalition—alignment of diverse groups dedicated to supporting the Democratic Party  FDR gained much support from many different groups

Culture in the 1930’s MOVIES:  Profitable time for Motion-Picture industry  Films offered escape from hard realities  End of Silent films— “talkies”  Movies Gone With the Wind The Wizard of Oz Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs

Culture in the 1930’s Radio:  90% of American homes had radios Fireside Chats Orson Wells – War of the Worlds The Lone Ranger Soap Operas Woody Guthrie

Culture in the 1930’s Art: More serious works Grant Wood – American Gothic Federal Art Project (WPA) Literature: Zora Neale Hurston Richard Wright John Steinbeck Federal Writers’ Project (WPA)

The Impact of the New Deal  FDR faced pressure to scale back New Deal  New Deal expanded power of federal government Infused economy with millions $$$ Created federal jobs Attempted to regulate supply & demand Increased government participation in labor disputes Regulate Banking & Finance—FDIC, SEC

The Impact of the New Deal  Federal government greatly in debt  Did not end depression, but helped thousands of suffering men, women & children  WWII would eventually end the Great Depression…

The Impact of the New Deal  Lasting Legacies  FDIC & SEC to regulate banking & investment  Wagner Act & Fair Labor Standards Act National Labor Relations Board still active today  Social Security Government accepted responsibility for assisting needy  Commodity Credit Corporation Loans made to farmers under AAA  Tennessee Valley Authority National Park system, Dams