Electricity & Magnetism Chapter 1 - Electricity 8 th Grade

What is Electricity and Magnetism? On a post it, write how we use electricity. On a post it, write how we use electricity. On a post it, write how we use magnetism. On a post it, write how we use magnetism.

Positive and Negative Charges How do charged particles react to one another? How do charged particles react to one another? Protons – positively charged, found in the nucleus Protons – positively charged, found in the nucleus Neutrons – no charge, found in the nucleus Neutrons – no charge, found in the nucleus Electrons – negative charge, found in the electron cloud Electrons – negative charge, found in the electron cloud Section 1 – Electric Charge

More about the atom All atoms have a neutral charge. All atoms have a neutral charge. Same number of protons, neutrons, and electrons Same number of protons, neutrons, and electrons If an atom becomes charged, it is called an ion. If an atom becomes charged, it is called an ion. Ions can be positively charged or negatively charged. Ions can be positively charged or negatively charged. Section 1 – Electric Charge

How do objects become charged? It is easier for an atom to lose electrons. It is easier for an atom to lose electrons. When solid objects are rubbed together, electrons transfer from one object to another. When solid objects are rubbed together, electrons transfer from one object to another. Examples: Examples: - balloon to hair This buildup of electric charge is called static electricity. This buildup of electric charge is called static electricity. Section 1 – Electric Charge

Ions move through solutions Sometimes the movement of ions causes a flow of charge. Sometimes the movement of ions causes a flow of charge. This happens in our bodies to help different parts communicate with one another. This happens in our bodies to help different parts communicate with one another. In this flow of charge, ions are moving, not electrons. In this flow of charge, ions are moving, not electrons. Section 1 – Electric Charge

Electric Forces Electric forces can be attractive or repulsive. Electric forces can be attractive or repulsive. Electric force gets stronger as the distance decreases. Electric force gets stronger as the distance decreases. Electric charges exert a force on each other at a distance through an electric field. Electric charges exert a force on each other at a distance through an electric field. Section 1 – Electric Charge

Insulators and Conductors Electrons cannot move easily through insulators. Electrons cannot move easily through insulators. Plastic, wood, rubber, glass Plastic, wood, rubber, glass What are some uses of insulators? What are some uses of insulators? Electrons can move easily through conductors. Electrons can move easily through conductors. Metals Metals What are some uses of conductors? What are some uses of conductors? Section 1 – Electric Charge

Induced Charge Have you ever played the static game with your siblings? Have you ever played the static game with your siblings? Rub your feet (with socks) on carpet, and then go and touch another surface. Rub your feet (with socks) on carpet, and then go and touch another surface. You get a shock (electric discharge) because of induced charge. You get a shock (electric discharge) because of induced charge. Lightning is an example of electric discharge. Lightning is an example of electric discharge. Section 1 – Electric Charge

Grounding Process of providing a pathway to drain excess charge into Earth. Process of providing a pathway to drain excess charge into Earth. Small amounts of electric discharge and create problems with circuits (computers). Small amounts of electric discharge and create problems with circuits (computers). Lightning rods are examples Lightning rods are examples Section 1 – Electric Charge