1 Web Server Administration Chapter 8 Providing Services

2 Overview Understand the environment Understand protocols Install and administer Microsoft Exchange 2000 Install and administer sendmail for Linux

3 Overview Install and configure IMAP4 and POP3 servers for Linux Configure clients Understand Web-based clients

4 Understanding the Environment evolved from a variety of proprietary systems In the 1980s and 1990s, people often had e- mail addresses on a number of systems Even as late as 1997, Exchange 5.5 was not designed to take advantage of Internet An add-on gave Exchange the ability to send and receive over the Internet

5 Exchange 2000 Goes Beyond Basics Instant messaging Unified messaging platform Single inbox for , voic , fax Chat service URL addressing Use a single URL to access stored data Audio and video conferencing

6 Role of DNS in Systems A domain name, such as technowidgets.com, needs to be associated with two IP addresses One IP address can be for a Web site Another IP address is for To associate a domain name, or any other host name, with the IP address of an server, you need an MX record technowidgets.com. IN MX 10 mail.technowidgets.com. The 10 refers to the priority of the server if there are multiple servers

7 System Terminology MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) Accepts from clients and sends to another MTA for storage Exchange 2000, sendmail MUA (Mail User Agent) client Outlook, KMail MDA (Mail Delivery Agent) Delivers from server to MUA Exchange 2000, imap-2001

8 System Terminology Masquerading Replace actual host name with domain name Relaying The process of sending to an intermediate server before the message is transmitted to its final destination This should not be allowed from the Internet because spammers could use it to send Spammer Someone who sends unsolicited , typically to try to sell something

9 Protocols SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) To send messages POP3 (Post Office Protocol) To retrieve Typically, all messages are downloaded to a client IMAP4 (Internet Mail Access Protocol) To retrieve stays on the server You can create folders on server to store

10 Understanding SMTP The commands are processed by the SMTP server CommandPurpose HELO Identifies the domain sending the message DATA Indicates the body of the message VRFY Verifies the user QUIT Ends the SMTP session

11 Understanding SMTP The SMTP headers add descriptive information HeaderDescription MAIL FROM: Identifies who is sending the message (required) RCPT TO: Identifies the recipient of the message (required) RECEIVED: Identifies the server that processed the message DATE: Indicates the date of the FROM: Shows the address as it is typically displayed in an client SUBJECT: Shows the subject of the message TO: Shows the recipient as it is typically displayed in an client CC: Sends copies of the message to a list of addresses BCC: Sends copies of the message to a list of addresses but does not display the addresses

12 Understanding SMTP Sample session Commands and headers in bold HELO WKS1 250 web1.technowidgets.com Hello [ ] MAIL FROM: OK RCPT TO: DATA 354 Start mail input; end with. This is a simple message. QUIT

13 Understanding POP3 More simplistic than IMAP4 First step is to log on with user name and password List, read, download, delete

14 Common POP3 commands CommandDescription USER username Connects to POP3 server based on user name PASS password Enters the password for the user, as in PASS: Ax6yy LIST Displays the message number followed by the number of characters in the message UIDL Displays the unique ID for each message RETR n Replaces the n with a message number to retrieve that message TOP n lines Instead of retrieving the whole message, retrieves the number of lines designated by the lines parameter for message number n DELE n Deletes message number n from the server QUIT Ends the session

15 Sample POP3 Session- Major Components USER cbranco +OK PASS pass +OK User successfully logged on. LIST +OK RETR 1 +OK Received: from WKS1 ( ) by web1.technowidgets.com From: Return-Path: This is a sample message. DELE 1 +OK QUIT

16 Understanding IMAP4 Messages remain on server Requires much more space on server To keep track of the status of messages, flags are used \Recent \Seen \Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Draft

17 Common IMAP4 commands CommandDescription LOGIN username password Log on to the server with your user name and password, which are unencrypted. SELECT mailbox Select a mailbox before you perform mail tasks. The default mailbox is called inbox. The response gives a summary of mailbox information. FETCH message(s) item(s) Retrieve messages. The message(s) parameter gives the message number. The item(s) parameter determines what part of the message is fetched—that is, individual header items or the body of the text. STORE message(s) flags Change the flags associated with a message. Typically, this command is used to mark messages to be deleted, undeleted, or identified as unread. LOGOUT End the IMAP4 session.

18 Installing Microsoft Exchange 2000 SMTP is part of IIS, not Exchange, and needs to be installed NNTP (Network News Transport Protocol) needs to be installed before Exchange and is also part of IIS Active Directory is required for Exchange Once the above are installed, the Exchange wizard guides you through a simple installation To use Exchange 2000 on Windows Server 2003, Exchange 2000 Service Pack 3 is required

19 Administering Exchange 2000 Message Delivery Defaults

20 Administering Exchange Users When you add a user, you have the option to create a mailbox By default, the e- mail name is the same as the user name but you can change it

21 Exchange 2000 Delivery Restrictions You can restrict the size of messages being sent and received The names of senders can be restricted too

22 Installing and Configuring Sendmail for Linux Installed from an rpm file Configure sendmail through a macro processor called m4 m4 /etc/mail/sendmail.mc >/etc/mail/sendmail.cf There are many advanced features of sendmail that make configuring it substantially difficult There are other servers, such as qmail, that are easier

23 Minimal sendmail.mc File divert(-1) include(`/usr/share/sendmail-cf/m4/cf.m4') OSTYPE(`linux') define(`PROCMAIL_MAILER_PATH',`/usr/bin/procmail')dnl FEATURE(local_procmail,`',`procmail -t -Y -a $h -d $u')dnl MAILER(smtp)dnl MAILER(procmail)dnl Cwtechnowidgets.com Notice that the strings are enclosed with a backtick and an apostrophe as in `linux'

24 Installing and Configuring IMAP4 and POP3 for Linux Both IMAP4 and POP3 are included in the imap-2001 package Once installed, you have to enable the daemons by either editing their configuration files such as /etc/xinetd.d/imap or using chkconfig chkconfig imap on Then you restart xinetd to recognize the changes service xinetd restart

25 Configuring Clients- Typical Information Required SMTP server IP address Your address Your password POP3 or IMAP4 server IP address

26 Web-based Clients Web-based clients allow you to use your browser Exchange 2000 can be configured for Web-based using Outlook Web Access Public sites, such as Microsoft's Hotmail and Yahoo! Mail, have been very popular

27 Web-based Clients- Advantages Because a browser is used, no client configuration is needed The lack of configuration can significantly reduce support costs No specialized client software is needed Users are not required to retrieve from specific computers that have been configured for them POP3 or IMAP4 protocols are not required, which reduces server-side support Because Web-based is not constrained by POP3 or IMAP4 protocols, a richer environment can be developed that extends beyond basic

28 Summary has evolved over the years Microsoft Exchange 2000 and sendmail are the two of the most popular server products DNS plays a central role in messaging Three major protocols are involved in e- mail SMTP, POP3, and IMAP4