Islam in Africa Chapter 8. Prior to Islam Lack of political unity Secret societies handle disputes No need to tax b/c don’t have to support a bureaucracy.

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Presentation transcript:

Islam in Africa Chapter 8

Prior to Islam Lack of political unity Secret societies handle disputes No need to tax b/c don’t have to support a bureaucracy Social—organized by lineage and age Unifying force – Religion—animism and ancestors – Language--Bantu

A Satellite View

Vegetation Zones

Natural Resources

Bantu Migration

1000 different languages; different tribes Unifying aspect Bantu-speaking peoples provided a linguistic base across Africa

An African’s “Search for Identity” 1. Nuclear Family 2. Extended Family 3. Age-Set 4. Clan 5. Lineage (ancestry) TRIBE (communal living)

Traditional African Religion ANIMISM 1. Belief in one remote Supreme Being. 3. Ancestor veneration. 4. Belief in magic, charms, and fetishes. 5. Diviner  mediator between the tribe and God. 2. A world of spirits (good & bad) in all things.

African Diviner (Shaman)

Ancestors

Prior to the Arrival of Islam North of the Sahara had been part of classical civilizations (Phoenician, Greek outpost, Carthage Roman province)

Arrival of Islam CE Attraction Abbasid’s provided some political stability Equality within a community of believers made it easier to accept new conquerors and rulers  egalitarian Unite state & religion under 1 helped reinforce the authority of African kings— caliph BUT locally divided by social, ethnic and gender

Divisions Berbers—North Africa into Spain stopped from taking over France by Charles Martel in 711 CE Almoravids—puritanical reformers launched jihads (purify, spread or protect faith) into the South and West Almahadis—also puritanical reformist

Christian: Nubia & Ethiopia Reached Africa before Rome’s conversion Coptic (Egypt & Nubia) translated the gospels into their language & were tolerated Ethiopia—Remained isolated and independent King Lalibela—11 churches carved from stone Later Dynasty—traced lineage back to Solomon & Sheba

Bet Giorgis, a 12th century Rock- Hewn church in Ethiopia

Kingdom of Grasslands Camel caravans couldn’t survive in the forests so the Sahel became a point of exchange Sudanic State—Mali Mansa Musa *pilgrimage *brought back scholars *trade protection *cosmopolitan court life *tolerant *gold, salt, dates— The hoe and the bow— symbols of the common

Mosque of Jenne a “port” city on the Niger River

Matrilineal & patrilineal Arab slave trade—women and children

Ibn Battuta & Mansa Musa

Sundiata, Lion Prince of Mali as told by griots

Sudanic Grasslands Daily Life 80% farmers: millet, rice, sorghum, wheat Polygamy Crop rotation

Swahili Coast of East Africa Indian Ocean trade Contact with China, India, SE Asia, Middle East Class Division Merchants tended to be Muslim Rulers tended to speak Arabic

Peoples of the Forest & Plains Zimbabwe