Kjemisk reaksjonsteknikk Chemical Reaction Engineering

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Kjemisk reaksjonsteknikk Chemical Reaction Engineering Lecture 2 Kjemisk reaksjonsteknikk Chemical Reaction Engineering Review of Lecture 1 Definition of Conversion, X Design Equations in Terms of X Size CSTRs and PFRs given –rA= f(X) Conversion for Reactors in Series

General Mole Balance General Mole Balance on System Volume V FA0 FA GA 2

Reactor Mole Balance Summary Differential Algebraic Integral Batch NA t CSTR PFR FA V 3 3

Consider the generic reaction 4

Batch 5

Reactor Mole Balances in terms of conversion Differential Algebraic Integral Batch X t CSTR PFR PBR X W 6 6

Batch reactor

Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR)

Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR)

Plug flow reactor (PFR)

Plug flow reactor (PFR)

Levenspiel Plots Reactor Sizing Given –rA as a function of conversion, -rA= f(X), one can size any type of reactor. We do this by constructing a Levenspiel plot. Here we plot either (FA0/-rA) or (1/-rA) as a function of X. For (FA0/-rA) vs. X, the volume of a CSTR and the volume of a PFR can be represented as the shaded areas in the Levenspiel Plots shown as: 12

Levenspiel Plots 13

Numerical Evaluations of Integrals The integral to calculate the PFR volume can be evaluated using method as Simpson’s One-Third Rule: (See Appendix A.4) Other numerical methods are: Trapezoidal Rule (uses two data points) Simpson’s Three-Eight’s Rule (uses four data points) Five-Point Quadrature Formula 14

Reactors in Series Only valid if there are no side streams. Given: rA as a function of conversion, one can also design any sequence of reactors: Only valid if there are no side streams. Molecule Flow rate of species A at point i: 15

Reactors in Series 16

Reactors in Series Reactor 1: V1 17

Reactors in Series Reactor 2: V2 18

Reactors in Series Reactor 3: V3 19

Reactors in Series 20

Important Definitions Space time  is the time necessary to process one reactor volume of fluid at entrance conditions. S-1 Space velocity: SV = v0/V (s-1)=1/  Space velocity is normally given at the standard conditions (STP). Liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV= v0,liquid/V) Gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) = v0,gas/V Reciprocal of the space time. But it is different on the condiitons