A Clash of Values Chapter 20, section 1

Nativism The 1920s opened with an economic recession, influx of immigrants, and racial and cultural tensions Triggered a rise in racism and nativism

Nativism Immigration dropped during WWI, but sharply rose again after the war Majority of immigration came from southern and eastern Europe

Nativism Many Americans viewed immigration as a threat to stability and order

Sacco and Vanzetti Case Exemplified prejudices and fears of the 1920s Two Italian immigrants executed for a murder in which there was no real evidence against them

KKK Revival of the KKK during the 1920s Targeted groups that threatened “un-American” values Spread to Northern cities, grew to over 4 million by 1924 Began to decline due to scandals involving Klan leaders

Controlling Immigration After WWI, American policies changed in response to the recession and nativist pleas 1921---President Harding signed Emergency Quota Act, established a temporary quota system limiting immigration Discriminated against southern and eastern Europe

Controlling Immigration National Origins Act of 1924 made immigration restriction a permanent policy Limited immigration to 150,000 a year Discrimination against southern and eastern Europe was strengthened

Controlling Immigration National Origins Act of 1924 exempted nations in the Western Hemisphere Demand for labor in California contributed to a large wave of immigrants from Mexico

The New Morality Many groups that wanted to restrict immigration also wanted to preserve traditional values They feared a “new morality” was taking over the nation that glorified personal freedom and free thinking

The New Morality Challenges--- 1. Women in the workforce and college 2. Automobile

Women in the 1920s Fashion changed in the 1920s Women shortened their hair and wore shorter clothes The flapper became the symbol of the American woman of the 1920s, although represented only a small number

The Fundamentalist Movement Religious movement that started due to fear of the “new morality” that was sweeping the nation Billy Sunday was the leading evangelical preacher of the 1920s

The Fundamentalist Movement Fundamentalist believed: 1. Bible was true and without error 2. Darwin’s theory of evolution was not true 3. In creationism

The Scopes Trial Historic court case where evolutionists and creationists will clash Also referred to as “The Monkey Trial”

The Scopes Trial Fundamentalists successful in passing laws that outlawed the teaching of evolution in schools John T. Scopes a biology teacher in Dayton, Tennessee will teach evolution and be arrested

The Scopes Trial Scopes set to go on trial in summer of 1925 Turns into a media circus William Jennings Bryan will be the prosecutor and represented the creationists

The Scopes Trial Clarence Darrow, an atheist and one of the country’s most celebrated lawyers, will defend Scopes

The Scopes Trial Parts of the trial broadcasted over the radio After eight days of trial, Scopes found guilty and fined $100

The Scopes Trial Fundamentalist causes severely hurt though by Darrow’s cross-examination of Bryan

Prohibition Fundamentalists able to get support for prohibition with passage of 18th Amendment Prohibition lasts 1920-1933

Prohibition During the 1920s, many Americans ignored the laws People flocked to speakeasies Organized crime developed in America centered around bootlegging

Prohibition Gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians and judges Al Capone was the most successful and violent gangster 21st Amendment passed in 1933 to repeal the 18th