Unit 6 The Great Depression

Unit 6: THE GREAT DEPRESSION Stock Market Crash: “Black Tuesday”, October 29,1929. The Market collapses. People panic. The collapse sets off a chain reaction. Business in the U.S. comes to a stand still. Stock Market Crash: “Black Tuesday”, October 29,1929. The Market collapses. People panic. The collapse sets off a chain reaction. Business in the U.S. comes to a stand still. 1932: 12 Million people are unemployed. 1932: 12 Million people are unemployed. Roosevelt’s New Deal: In the 1 st 100 days in Office, Roosevelt's passes 15 major bills to help deal with the Depression. The New Deal is a plan to rescue the American Economy. Roosevelt’s New Deal: In the 1 st 100 days in Office, Roosevelt's passes 15 major bills to help deal with the Depression. The New Deal is a plan to rescue the American Economy. Eleanor Roosevelt: The 1 st Lady: She is loved by the American people. She is different than other 1 st Ladies because she took on “social Projects” to help the poor and disadvantaged. Eleanor Roosevelt: The 1 st Lady: She is loved by the American people. She is different than other 1 st Ladies because she took on “social Projects” to help the poor and disadvantaged.

Second New Deal: Focuses on reform. This New Deal introduces Social Security- it gave unions the right to bargain. Second New Deal: Focuses on reform. This New Deal introduces Social Security- it gave unions the right to bargain. Industrial Unions: employees of a particular industry: example: UAW, United Auto Workers Industrial Unions: employees of a particular industry: example: UAW, United Auto Workers Craft Unions: employees with a particular skill- example: Carpenter's Union. Craft Unions: employees with a particular skill- example: Carpenter's Union. The New Deals help to establish the federal governments duty to help Americans. The New Deals help to establish the federal governments duty to help Americans.

Chapter 29: The Wall Street Crash Stock Market: where shares of Companies are bought and sold. Stock Market: where shares of Companies are bought and sold. Speculation: Is where you take a risk with your money in hopes of making a large profit. Speculation: Is where you take a risk with your money in hopes of making a large profit. On Margin: is where you buy a large amount of stock with a small down payment, the rest to be paid later. Buying on margin could ruin an investor financially if prices of the stock bought dropped. On Margin: is where you buy a large amount of stock with a small down payment, the rest to be paid later. Buying on margin could ruin an investor financially if prices of the stock bought dropped. Investors: someone who puts money into a business to make a profit. Investors: someone who puts money into a business to make a profit.

Chapter 29: The Wall Street Crash Panic on Wall Street: Price of stocks drop within 3 hours, stocks loose 11 billion dollars of their value in minutes. Millions of shares of stock went up for sale- NO Buyers – prices continue to fall and drop. Stocks that once sold for 48 dollars a share are now only worth 1 dollar. People panic. Panic on Wall Street: Price of stocks drop within 3 hours, stocks loose 11 billion dollars of their value in minutes. Millions of shares of stock went up for sale- NO Buyers – prices continue to fall and drop. Stocks that once sold for 48 dollars a share are now only worth 1 dollar. People panic. Margin buyers have to pay up what they owe:most don’t have cash to pay. They loose their down payments, their creditors loose their loans. Margin buyers have to pay up what they owe:most don’t have cash to pay. They loose their down payments, their creditors loose their loans.

Chapter 30: The Dust Bowl Migrated: to move Migrated: to move “Okies” a name given to 1000’s of “migrant” workers who went to California for work because of crop failure in the Great Plains. (Oklahoma, N. & S. Dakota, Texas, etc.) “Okies” a name given to 1000’s of “migrant” workers who went to California for work because of crop failure in the Great Plains. (Oklahoma, N. & S. Dakota, Texas, etc.) Plowing and Grazing: Rip off the top layer of grass that protects the soil. Framers and ranchers never bother to replant the grass. They overuse the soil and this makes it unfertile. Plowing and Grazing: Rip off the top layer of grass that protects the soil. Framers and ranchers never bother to replant the grass. They overuse the soil and this makes it unfertile. Dry Wells: Crop prices fall and there is little to no rain. Wells and Water holes dry up. Winds come and blow over the dry land. The winds pick up the top soil and form giant dust clouds. The crops fail because of the weather. Dry Wells: Crop prices fall and there is little to no rain. Wells and Water holes dry up. Winds come and blow over the dry land. The winds pick up the top soil and form giant dust clouds. The crops fail because of the weather.

Chapter 30: The Dust Bowl Bank take overs: During the boom of the 1920’s farmers take out huge loans to buy machinery and land, crops fail in the early 1930’s- farmers can’t pay bank loans, banks take over the farms. Bank take overs: During the boom of the 1920’s farmers take out huge loans to buy machinery and land, crops fail in the early 1930’s- farmers can’t pay bank loans, banks take over the farms. Dust storms: Storms of dusty top soil would blow for days. Would have to stay inside and stuff rags into any openings to keep the dirt out. Dust could block the sun it was so thick. Dust storms: Storms of dusty top soil would blow for days. Would have to stay inside and stuff rags into any openings to keep the dirt out. Dust could block the sun it was so thick. Evicting: removing tenants from property or buildings. Evicting: removing tenants from property or buildings. Bankrupt: Unable to pay debts, loans and bills. Bankrupt: Unable to pay debts, loans and bills.

Chapter 30: The Dust Bowl Farmers go bankrupt: Between , 400,000 people lost their farms and headed west from bankruptcy. Farmers go bankrupt: Between , 400,000 people lost their farms and headed west from bankruptcy. Cardboard houses: Homeless shelters for “Okies” Cardboard houses: Homeless shelters for “Okies” F.S.A.: Farm Security Agency: Set up by the Federal Government to help migrant workers and small farms. Built new migrant –worker camps, taught farmers to plant grass to hold down soil F.S.A.: Farm Security Agency: Set up by the Federal Government to help migrant workers and small farms. Built new migrant –worker camps, taught farmers to plant grass to hold down soil

Chapter 31: Bread Lines and Debts By the Winter of 1932: 1 out of 4 people are unemployed. By the Winter of 1932: 1 out of 4 people are unemployed. African Americans are hurt the most because: African Americans are hurt the most because: 1) They are victims of prejudice 2) The face bigotry which is the attitude and behavior of a narrow minded person. 3) They lived in tenements 4) Some denied government assistance.

Chapter 31: Bread Lines and Debts Looking for work: Non unionized workers left with no financial protection, lost jobs, can’t find new ones, Looking for work: Non unionized workers left with no financial protection, lost jobs, can’t find new ones, Employment Agencies: 100’s would go daily to agencies but there was no work. Families starved. Only 1 member of each family “allowed” to work at a time. Employment Agencies: 100’s would go daily to agencies but there was no work. Families starved. Only 1 member of each family “allowed” to work at a time. Breadlines: people stood in line to get free bread and soup. Breadlines: people stood in line to get free bread and soup. Selling Apples: A boom in apple crops in the West gives the homeless and unemployed a chance to make some $ by selling the apples for 5 cents or less a piece. Selling Apples: A boom in apple crops in the West gives the homeless and unemployed a chance to make some $ by selling the apples for 5 cents or less a piece. Tax revenues: income from city or state or national taxes. Tax revenues: income from city or state or national taxes.

Chapter 31: Bread Lines and Debts Hooverville's: Shanty towns of homeless unemployed men named after Herbert Hoover. Hooverville's: Shanty towns of homeless unemployed men named after Herbert Hoover. Veterans ask for help: 15,000 veterans march on Washington D.C. They ask for the $ promised them in WWI, early. The Veterans are ordered to leave- they won’t go. Hoover calls in the armed forces to remove them. They get rid of the veterans using tear gas, then they burn down their tents. It is photographed and the nation is horrified at what they are doing to these honored veterans who served there country. Veterans ask for help: 15,000 veterans march on Washington D.C. They ask for the $ promised them in WWI, early. The Veterans are ordered to leave- they won’t go. Hoover calls in the armed forces to remove them. They get rid of the veterans using tear gas, then they burn down their tents. It is photographed and the nation is horrified at what they are doing to these honored veterans who served there country.

Chapter 31 Schools Closed: Many schools were forced to close because of the loss of income from people and businesses that were unable to pay their taxes. Many children were forced to quit school so that they could work to support their families. Schools Closed: Many schools were forced to close because of the loss of income from people and businesses that were unable to pay their taxes. Many children were forced to quit school so that they could work to support their families.

Chapter 32: A Pioneer of Reforms Frances Perkins 1 st woman to serve as a member of a President's Cabinet. She was named the Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins 1 st woman to serve as a member of a President's Cabinet. She was named the Secretary of Labor

Chapter 32: A Pioneer of Reforms Triangle Shirtwaist Factory: A factory that caught on fire. It had very poor working conditions. Many workers are trapped inside because there is no way to escape because the workers are locked in. 146 people died in the flames, 29 jumped to their deaths from windows. The tragedy of the fire causes public outrage. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory: A factory that caught on fire. It had very poor working conditions. Many workers are trapped inside because there is no way to escape because the workers are locked in. 146 people died in the flames, 29 jumped to their deaths from windows. The tragedy of the fire causes public outrage.

Racketeers: people involved in organized, illegal activities. They preyed on young immigrant women-who ended up working in sweatshops or as prostitutes. Racketeers: people involved in organized, illegal activities. They preyed on young immigrant women-who ended up working in sweatshops or as prostitutes. Civilian Conservation Corps: Developed by Frances Perkins. It is part of FDR’s New Deal Plan. The C.C.C. put 3 million young men to work. They planted trees, built dams, managed fire control, and built bridges and towers. Civilian Conservation Corps: Developed by Frances Perkins. It is part of FDR’s New Deal Plan. The C.C.C. put 3 million young men to work. They planted trees, built dams, managed fire control, and built bridges and towers. Social Security Act: Part of the New Deal. It was to provide weekly payments to the unemployed and monthly payments to retired workers. Social Security Act: Part of the New Deal. It was to provide weekly payments to the unemployed and monthly payments to retired workers. Committee on Economic Security: Frances Perkins is appointed head. Its purpose was to set up unemployment insurance and insurance for the elderly Committee on Economic Security: Frances Perkins is appointed head. Its purpose was to set up unemployment insurance and insurance for the elderly Chapter 32: A Pioneer of Reforms

Fair Labor Standards: Laws that were influenced by Frances Perkins. IT was passed in They provided that the work week be reduced to 40 hours per week, set a minimum wage standard with increase and outlaws child labor in industries engaged in interstate commerce. Fair Labor Standards: Laws that were influenced by Frances Perkins. IT was passed in They provided that the work week be reduced to 40 hours per week, set a minimum wage standard with increase and outlaws child labor in industries engaged in interstate commerce.

Chapter 33: Sit Down Strikes Sit-down strikes: When laborers protest against management inside their workplace by refusing to work or leave the building. Sit-down strikes: When laborers protest against management inside their workplace by refusing to work or leave the building. General Motors: GM workers are angry because the only earn 1000 dollars a year. Management speeds up the assembly line causing them to work harder but doesn’t increase their pay. The workers join the UAW which is organized and very large. GM officials refuse to meet with the workers workers put their tools away and sit down. They slept on the floor. Their wives form a women’s brigade that passes food to the strikers through windows. Gm shuts off the heat. The strikers won’t leave/ Police rush the factory- the strikers won’t leave. General Motors: GM workers are angry because the only earn 1000 dollars a year. Management speeds up the assembly line causing them to work harder but doesn’t increase their pay. The workers join the UAW which is organized and very large. GM officials refuse to meet with the workers workers put their tools away and sit down. They slept on the floor. Their wives form a women’s brigade that passes food to the strikers through windows. Gm shuts off the heat. The strikers won’t leave/ Police rush the factory- the strikers won’t leave.

Chapter 33: Sit Down Strikes GM continued: The strike last 40 days. U.S. Court orders the strikers to leave. The National Guard is called in by the Michigan Governor. The strike moves to 17 GM Plants. GM is order to talk to the Union by FDR. Weeks later the strike ends when GM agrees to the Unions demands. HUGE VICTORY for Unions. GM continued: The strike last 40 days. U.S. Court orders the strikers to leave. The National Guard is called in by the Michigan Governor. The strike moves to 17 GM Plants. GM is order to talk to the Union by FDR. Weeks later the strike ends when GM agrees to the Unions demands. HUGE VICTORY for Unions. CIO: Congress of Industrial Organizations: Organizes all kinds of workers. CIO: Congress of Industrial Organizations: Organizes all kinds of workers.

Chapter 34: Hollywood's Dream Factory Movies cost: 25 cents for adults and 10 cents for kids. 100 million Americans went to the movies each week. It helped them escape their troubles. Movies cost: 25 cents for adults and 10 cents for kids. 100 million Americans went to the movies each week. It helped them escape their troubles. Movie Palaces: very elaborately decorated theatres. Movie Palaces: very elaborately decorated theatres. 1930’s Movies: Popular movies at the time were: Gangster movies set during the Prohibition, Shirley Temple and Charlie Chaplin are big stars. 1930’s Movies: Popular movies at the time were: Gangster movies set during the Prohibition, Shirley Temple and Charlie Chaplin are big stars. Full Length “talkies” “little Ceaser” a gangster movie was on of the first full length talking movies. Full Length “talkies” “little Ceaser” a gangster movie was on of the first full length talking movies. Star System: stars of the time include: James Cagney, Edward G. Robinson, Ruby Keeler, Dick Powell, King Kong, Mickey Mouse and Shirley Temple. Star System: stars of the time include: James Cagney, Edward G. Robinson, Ruby Keeler, Dick Powell, King Kong, Mickey Mouse and Shirley Temple.