Brussels Development Briefing n.32 Fish-farming the new driver of the blue economy? 3 rd July Opportunities for aquaculture development in the Caribbean ACP states. Milton Haughton, CRFM

Opportunities for aquaculture development in the Caribbean ACP States Milton Haughton Executive Director CRFM Secretariat Belize Belize

Source: CLME project doc

Background CARIFORUM Countries = SIDs CARIFORUM Countries = SIDs Reliance on aquatic resources for livelihood and food security Reliance on aquatic resources for livelihood and food security Threats – climate change, marine pollution, habitat degradation, over-fishing, Threats – climate change, marine pollution, habitat degradation, over-fishing, High unemployment (14-15%) High unemployment (14-15%) High Food import bill High Food import bill Strategic location between major international markets Strategic location between major international markets

Caribbean ACP States Area (km 2 ) Population (2012) (000) Pop Density (/km 2 ) GDP/Capita (US$) Per Capita Fish Consumption Antigua , Bahamas 13, , Barbados , Belize 22, ,536 7 Dominica , Dominican Republic 48,73010, ,763 Grenada , Guyana 214, , Haiti 27,75010, Jamaica 10,9912, , St. Kitts , St. Lucia , St. Vincent , Suriname 163, , Trinidad 5,1281, , Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database April 2013

Fisheries Strategically Important 1.Employment: up to 182,000 2.Total Fish Production 176,213 MT 3.Aquaculture production – 11,000 MT 4.Exports: 61,000 MT (~US$250 million) 5.Imports: 117,000 MT (~ US$343 million) 6.Livelihood Opportunities -poor, -vulnerable 7.Food and nutrition security

Fish Imports (MT) Year Quantity112,198123,122116,312117,252 Value (US$ 000) 270,594302,593346,718343,098 Overall Food Import bill CARIFORUM States: US$ 4.75 billion/yr Can aquaculture help? Dom Rep42,473 Jamaica 27,438 Haiti13,535 Trinidad8,877

PROCESSING - Subsector Employment opportunity for women Guyana Belize Photo – Courtesy Fisheries Dept, Belize

Aquaculture has the potential to make greater contribution to economic & social development if appropriate policy frameworks and incentives are provided Shrimp farm in Belize Gov Jamaica - Aquaculture Research Station Tilapia Belize Photo Courtesy of Fisheries Dept. Belize

Current State of Aquaculture Development Not well developed - Low production 14,146 MT per year from Belize and Jamaica exception Production peaked at 18,879 MT in 2004 Declined since 2007 to < 10,000 MT Recent trend – economic downturn Sea moss commodities produced in Antigua. Photo – Courtesy Fisheries Div. Antigua & Barbuda

Aquaculture Production CARIFORUM States (MT) Source: FAO database

Aquaculture Production Per Country MT ( )

Main Producers – MT (2009) Belize 5290 Jamaica 5141 Dominican Republic 240 Guyana511 Haiti 400 Suriname41

What are the Main Species? Belize Marine shrimp (L. vamamaei), Tilapia, Cobia ( Rachycentrom canadum ) (Pompano) Jamaica Tilapia, marine & freshwater shrimp, oysters, several aquarium spp. Dominican Republic Marine & freshwater shrimp, Carp, Tilapia, (Colossoma, Cobia, Pompano) Guyana Tilapia, Colossoma, various indigenous shrimp (schmitti, P. aztecus & P. braziliensis) & fish (hassar, bashaw) Haiti Tilapia, carp Suriname Tilapia & marine shrimp (L. vanamaei )

Seaweed farming Antigua: Photo Courtesy of Fisheries Div. Antigua Cobia farming Belize: Photo Courtesy of Fisheries Dept. Belize Aquarium Fish farming Jamaica Tilapia Belize

What about smaller Islands? Current activities – tilapia, seaweed, shrimp Limitations – land, fresh water, human Outlook Tilapia farming in seawater – St. Kitts Seaweed farming in St. Lucia Cobia farming in seawater Photo: Fisheries Dept, Belize

What are the Main Constraints? High input cost (energy, feed, land …) High input cost (energy, feed, land …) High cost of credit High cost of credit Seed supply Seed supply Competition from imports from Asia & S. America Competition from imports from Asia & S. America Health and Food Safety Systems Health and Food Safety Systems R & D, Extension & Support Services R & D, Extension & Support Services Lack of Skilled & Quality Human Resources Lack of Skilled & Quality Human Resources Natural disaster – storms & hurricanes Natural disaster – storms & hurricanes Water management systems Water management systems Policy and legislation Policy and legislation

Are States still Interested? Contribute to economic development Contribute to economic development Create employment opportunities throughout the value chain Create employment opportunities throughout the value chain Increase local supply of fish Increase local supply of fish Improve food & nutrition security Improve food & nutrition security Poverty reduction Poverty reduction Revitalize coastal & rural communities Revitalize coastal & rural communities Diversify economy & build resilience Diversify economy & build resilience Earn hard currency - export-oriented Earn hard currency - export-oriented

Where do we go from here: Regional Policy Framework Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas - CARICOM Single Market & Economy (CSME): Entered in force 1 Jan 2006 Enlarged market among member states Opportunities to produce & sell goods & services & attract investment Photo Courtesy of Fisheries Dept. Belize

Caribbean Community Common Fisheries Policy Treaty - Endorsed 2011 Treaty - Endorsed 2011 Key Provisions Key Provisions Objective & Scope “sustainable development of fishing and aquaculture”...“production, processing, marketing and trading of fishery and aquaculture products” Objective & Scope “sustainable development of fishing and aquaculture”...“production, processing, marketing and trading of fishery and aquaculture products” Several substantive provisions aquaculture Several substantive provisions aquaculture Art. 10 Sector Development Art. 10 Sector Development Joint venture, capacity development, Joint venture, capacity development, improving the business, financial and insurance environment improving the business, financial and insurance environment

CRFM Strategic Plan Objective D: Development of Aquaculture Note lack of growth past 10 years & agree to intensify efforts to expand production Note lack of growth past 10 years & agree to intensify efforts to expand production A strategy to increase supply of fish A strategy to increase supply of fish Adopt Ecosystem approach to aquaculture Adopt Ecosystem approach to aquaculture Establish Regional Working Group Establish Regional Working Group Enabling policy and legal frameworks Enabling policy and legal frameworks Voluntary guidelines, best management practices and standards Voluntary guidelines, best management practices and standards

National Policy – ACP Fish II CAR-3.1-B12: Strategic assessment of the aquaculture potential in Haiti CAR-3.1-B12: Strategic assessment of the aquaculture potential in Haiti CAR-1.4-B4a: aquaculture land and water use development plan for Jamaica CAR-1.4-B4a: aquaculture land and water use development plan for Jamaica CAR-1.4-B4b: Aquaculture development strategy for St. Kitts and Nevis CAR-1.4-B4b: Aquaculture development strategy for St. Kitts and Nevis Fisheries and aquaculture policy Dominica Grenada, and St. Vincent & the Grenadines Fisheries and aquaculture policy Dominica Grenada, and St. Vincent & the Grenadines Support to formulate a fisheries and aquaculture policy for the Dominican Republic Support to formulate a fisheries and aquaculture policy for the Dominican Republic

Recent Donor Supported Initiatives ACP Fish II Programme – Component 1 – policy and legislation ACP Fish II Programme – Component 1 – policy and legislation JICA Master Plan for Coastal Resource Management JICA Master Plan for Coastal Resource Management USAID, and FAO Support to Guyana USAID, and FAO Support to Guyana Tiawanese support to St.Lucia, Dominica and Belize Tiawanese support to St.Lucia, Dominica and Belize

CONCLUSION Significant opportunities in the Caribbean Significant opportunities in the Caribbean Growing interest in aquaculture Growing interest in aquaculture Important role in food security, poverty reduction, employment, & blue economy Important role in food security, poverty reduction, employment, & blue economy Realistic dialogue – recognize: Realistic dialogue – recognize: - Needs, opportunities, limitations - Dangers of unregulated, poorly planned Need for R&D, capacity development, strategic partnerships & funding support Need for R&D, capacity development, strategic partnerships & funding support

Thank you!!