WWII By: Mr. Mitchell

US moving closer to the War Nazi victories in 1940 lead to increased U.S. defense spending First peacetime draft enacted—Selective Training and Service Act: Draftees to serve for 1 year in Western Hemisphere only. FDR, Churchill issue Atlantic Charter Joint declaration of war aims Charter is basis of “A Declaration of the United Nations” or Allies

Pearl Harbor The Japanese need oil from US, we refused to trade with them December 7, 1941 the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. 2,403 Americans killed; 1,178 wounded Over 300 aircraft, 21 ships destroyed or damaged

US Enters the War December 8, 1941 US declares war on Japan December 11, 1941 Germany declares war on the United States

Home Front during the War The United States government stirs patriotic feelings Movies are used to build morale Propaganda is used to keep war effort going People rationed goods/supplies and started Victory Gardens Many factories converted to make weapons Nearly 18 million workers

Factories and Discrimination Over 2 million minorities hired; face strong discrimination at first A. Philip Randolph, head of Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Organizes march on D.C to protest discrimination in defense industries. FDR responded with an executive order banning discrimination in war-time factories (Executive Order 8802)

Internment Camps Many Americans were distrusting of Japanese Americans Thousands of Japanese Americans were forced into Internment Camps in the Midwest throughout WWII German and Italian Americans as well

US War in the Pacific In first 6 months after Pearl Harbor, Japan conquers empire Gen. Douglas MacArthur leads Allied forces in Philippines March 1942 U.S., Filipino troops trapped on Bataan Peninsula FDR orders MacArthur to leave; thousands of troops remain (says he will return)

Midway and Guadalcanal Battle of Midway Won by U.S. after breaking Japanese code. Sink 4 Japanese Aircraft Carriers. Battle is fought entirely in the air. “TURNING POINT” OF THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC!!! US begins “Island Hopping” beginning with Guadalcanal U.S. starts to capture islands closer to Japan

Iwo Jima and Okinawa Iwo Jima critical as base from which planes can reach Japan 6,000 marines die taking island; of 20,700 Japanese, 200 survive April 1945 U.S. Marines invade Okinawa 170,000 Japanese defend island, only 10,000 surrender. April–June: 7,600 U.S. troops, 110,000 Japanese die Allies fear invasion of Japan may mean 1.5 million Allied casualties

Victory in the Pacific Manhattan Project - U.S. develops atomic bomb (started many years earlier) 1. US Drops first atomic bomb on Hiroshima 2. Soviet Union invades Japan 3. US Drops second atomic bomb on Nagasaki 4. Japan Surrenders

War in Europe Hitler broke the non-aggression pact and invaded the Soviet Union Germans wanted to obtain the Soviet oil fields quickly The Germans were unsuccessful in the winter months EX: STALINGRAD

War in Europe Allies moved to Italy Allies freed Northern Italy Mussolini was overthrown and moved his government to Northern Italy Allies freed Northern Italy Mussolini was shot and killed by Italians

D-Day Invasion June 6th, 1944 Allies open operation to free France British and Canadian forces landed on other beaches. US land on Omaha and Utah beaches Landed on the Beaches of Normandy under the command of Dwight D. Eisenhower Heavy loss of life but successful in freeing France

Battle of the Bulge Nazi’s last offensive attack Attacked area between France and Germany US soldiers attacked from the rear and defeated the Germans

Victory in Europe Soviet army surrounded Berlin Nazis surrendered to Eisenhower May 7, 1945: V-E Day Hitler refuses to surrender and commits suicide

Holocaust Hitler’s Final Solution People effected: Jews, Poles, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals, disabled, mentally ill 11 million die, over half are Jews

Yalta Conference February 1945, FDR, Churchill, Stalin meet in Yalta to discuss post-war world FDR, Churchill concession: temporarily divide Germany into 4 parts Stalin promises free elections in Eastern Europe; will fight Japan FDR gets support for conference to establish United Nations

Potsdam Conference Occurred from July 17th to August 2nd, 1945 Discussed how to handle punishments for Nazi Germany Allowed military administration by US in Germany De-centralized Nazi economy control Conference approved US usage of A-bombs

Other effects of WWII Geneva Convention Nuremberg Trials – Set guidelines for POWs Nuremberg Trials – 24 Nazi leaders tried, sentenced War crimes Formation of Israel Creation of United Nations Prevent future wars