COLLABORATIVE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES RUFIJI-MAFIA-KILWA (RUMAKI) SEASCAPE PROGRAMME WWF-TANZANIA

Programme area approx. 9,000 km2 Coastal population 137,728 Rufiji-Mafia-Kilwa Seascape among 6 priority seascapes for WWF programme in coastal E Africa Programme area approx. 9,000 km2 Coastal population 137,728

Beach Management Unit (BMU) establishment in all coastal villages-Fisheries Act, 2003 part 5 sect 18 (1) Co-management in TZ is an Agreement between BMUs, District authorities & Fisheries Division

PROGRAMME GOAL: Improve socio-economic well-being of coastal communities in Rufiji, Mafia and Kilwa through sustainable, participatory and equitable use and protection of fisheries & other marine resources.

Specifically Promote collaborative FISHERIES MANAGEMENT RAISE AWARENESS on project objectives and fisheries management Strengthen LIVELIHOODS by improving environment for small-scale enterprise Protection of HABITATS & SPECIES MONITORING to provide data for management

KEY PARTNERS Coastal communities Mafia District Rufiji District Kilwa District Fisheries Division of Min. of Livestock & Fisheries

Why fisheries co-management in TZ? Open access fisheries Why fisheries co-management in TZ? Destructive fishing practices Limited central & local govt capacity Declining stocks esp. export fisheries Conflict btwn trawlers & artisanal fishers What are the features leading to EAME prioritisation of the seascape?

Collaborative Fisheries Management (CFM) Strategy: Empower coastal communities to take advantage of provisions of the Fisheries Act, 2003 to decentralise decision-making, planning and management of fisheries resources, in collaboration with govt. Approach: Livelihood development Awareness raising to communities for establish management institutions (BMUs /CFMAs)

LIVELIHOODS PROGRAMME (2006 to date) Village savings & loans 96 microfinance groups/ 2000 members to date 6,500 loans of total value 2.2 million US$ generated. >90% repayment Mariculture trials: Milkfish (1,800US$), mud crabs - success (5,000 US$), pearl oysters (10,000 US$) revenue & a lot of lesson learning 43 Mariculture enterprise groups Enterprise support Enterprise grants (360,000 US$) and enterprise and skills training provided to 157 enterprise groups

Development of BMU guidelines & CFM Roadmap STEPS FOR BMU/CCC FORMATION Development of national task force on CFM Development of BMU guidelines & CFM Roadmap District level awareness and lobbying for action Institutional dev’t at VILLAGE LEVEL (BMU) Institutional dev’t at CCC/ WARD LEVEL – (CFMA)

Institutional dev’t at village level (BMU) STEP 1. Raise awareness on fisheries resources ownership and management - Key Players (Change Agents) District Change Agents: Role: To sensitize communities and provide technical information Village change agents: Role: Discussion with fisher folk on registration of members for BMU formation.

Registration & Election of office bearers Step 2. Formation of BMUs Registration & Election of office bearers Roles of BMU: Preparation and Implementation of Management plans, Bylaws & workplans Surveillance activities (laws enforcement) Collection of revenue and fisheries data Education and Information sharing Composition of BMU office bearers

Step 3. Build capacity at community level (BMU & Village leaders) 1. Training Governance & leadership skills 3. Fisheries policy & legislation awareness raising & Bylaws development 4. Fish catch data collection training 5. Surveillance training – surveillance protocol 2. Study visits to Tanga & Lake Victoria (10 times) 8. Fund raising & financial management training- BMU financial sustainability strategy 7. Training in fisheries resources use planning inc. problem identification, analysis & development of 5 yr plans

Step 3. Build capacity cont……………. Provision of 6 Boats and other surveillance equipments to BMUs District level capacity-building on CFM through training on: Change agent Computer & data management 3. Collaborative natural resources management course 4. Exchange visits 5. Attending & facilitating the village level meetings

STEP 4: Sharing of fishing grounds through shared management system – Development of CFMAs (LMMAs) CFMA - local management area within geographical coastal and marine area of the territorial waters of Tanzania, designated using legislative and administrative processes. Fisheries Regulations, 2009 –Regulation 133 (10) provides for BMUs to associate with others to form higher level co-management structures (CFMAs) for purpose of planning, management & development Establishing framework & guidelines for Collaborative Fisheries Management Areas (CFMAs) GUIDELINES FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF COLLABORATIVE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AREAS (CFMAs) IN COASTAL AND MARINE WATERS OF TANZANIA THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT AND FISHERIES PREPARED BY FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT DIVISION AND WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE NOVEMBER, 2010

Step 6. Development of co-ordination framework Involves: BMUs identify neighbouring BMUs with whom to form a CFMA Formation of CFMA Co-ordinating Committees (CCCs), Harmonized CFMA management plan & bylaws Identification of boundaries – CFMA Maps & Agreement Joint implementation plans Roles of CCC: Harmonization of CFMA & work Plans Overseeing implementation of CFMA plans Sharing joint implementation issues Ensure good governance among BMUs BMU 1 BMU 4 BMU 3 BMU 2 CFMA & CCC

ACHIEVEMENTS (2006-2011): community level 25 BMUs established & strengthened 6 CFMAs Comprising 21 BMUs with total area: 2,498 sq km (28% of RUMAKI area), 16 small no-take zones approx. 61.2 sq km (2.5% of the total CFMA area) initially 2 yr closure Dev’t of 6 CFMA plans & Agreement with Director of fisheries Mafia Island Marine Park

Achievements ACHIEVEMENTS (2006-2011): community level 1. Development of sustainable financing plans, inclusion of BMU budget in District plans (5% of fisheries budget) & increased village revenues 3. BMUs active in surveillance & catch monitoring 4. Perceived increase in fish availability 5. Reduction in illegal fishing activities including dynamite fishing & seine nets 5. BMU guidelines on migrant fisher camps 6. Increased frequency & reporting of dugong sightings Achievements

Achievements ACHIEVEMENTS (2006-To date): national & district 7. Production of Fisheries Regulations in Kiswahili (3,000 copies) 8. Documents for implementation and sharing lessons including: i) BMU guideline ii) CFMA guideline iii)Anti-dynamite strategies iv) Village/BMU Bylaws v) Surveillance protocol 9. Fisheries revenues in District has doubled 10. BMUs are now contributing to social development 11. Replication of the project achievement in other coastal areas

Challenges Party political interference and negative perceptions of MPAs on BMU establishment in Kilwa Migrant & seine net fishers destabilize support for CFMAs Weak participation from District authority counterparts Limited opportunities for BMUs fundraising No consistent national programme for CFM development co-management model has potential in TZ, BUT ONLY IF there is adequate: sustained community capacity-building better integration with district authority plans continued complementary livelihood support

Final thoughts … Historical experience in TZ has shown importance of setting no-takes zones in broader fisheries co-management framework Initial emphasis in RUMAKI CFMAs is more likely to be on REGULATING ACCESS and DESTRUCTIVE GEARS. no-take zones may gain more support as time goes on. Setting up MPAs / LMMAs is actually the easy part! Making them functional / financially sustainable over 10-20 yrs is the main challenge, it takes time, funding and commitments.

Thank you! For listening