CsI Photocathode Production and Testing Bob Azmoun Brookhaven National Lab 12/8/04 12/8/04 B. Azmoun
CsI Deposition @ Stony Brook Objective: To develop and test the technique of CsI evaporation at Stony Brook for production of CsI coated GEM foils for HBD prototypes and possibly even the final detector. Method Use high purity CsI (Scintillator grade) High Vacuum (1E-7 Torr) [diffusion pump w/ N2 trap] Thoroughly clean vessel and all components Bake the CsI Mask substrates Evaporate very small amount of CsI This vaporizes any contaminants on molybdenum boat and/or outer surface of CsI crystals Vessel walls coated with CsI will also act as a “getter” Warm up substrates before, during and after evaporation Withholds water and contaminants from condensing onto the substrates before deposition, and onto the CsI after deposition Thickness monitor Quartz crystal oscillator, Al foil control substrate Transportation/ Storage of Photocathodes (vacuum, gas flow) 12/8/04 B. Azmoun
Dimensions of Evaporator Vessel Max. Height ~80cm Scaffolding: Photocathode substrate/Thickness monitors Bell Jar Diameter ~ 43cm mask Electrodes/CsI crystal/ Molybdenum Boat 12/8/04 B. Azmoun
Thickness Uniformity r Underside of Scaffolding CsI Thickness Target: 2000 Angstroms Al Foil Control Substrates for measuring CsI thickness r Quartz Crystal Thickness Monitor Quartz crystal thickness monitor Au-Ni-Cu clad G-10 Photocathode Substrates 12/8/04 B. Azmoun
Testing Apparatus @ BNL Absolute QE of produced Photocathodes Vs Wavelength Photoelectron signal in CF4 (CF4 transmittance) GEM systematics (gain, stability, etc.) Systematic Measurements of CsI Coated Triple GEM (pe collection efficiency Vs ED, etc) Beam splitter/Collimator MgF2 Windows VUV beam Photocathode or Triple GEM Absorption Length ~ 30cm Independent Lamp Monitor Photocathode Test Vacuum Vessel (“cross”) 12/8/04 B. Azmoun
Preliminary Measurements 12/8/04 B. Azmoun
Initial Use for CsI Photocathodes Preliminary Tests in Idealistic Stainless steal vessel (Cross) GEM + CsI + CF4 + single pad + gas tight vessel (minimal out-gassing, high purity gas) Systematic measurements of CsI coated triple GEM detector (Gain, stability, QE measurement, transmittance, pe collection efficiency Vs ED, etc) Install (10x10cm) CsI coated GEM into “simple” HBD prototype with “realistic vessel” (made of G-10) GEM + CsI + CF4 + 16 pads (~1x1”) + ~50cm radiator In Lab tests: gas quality (H2O/O2 ppm’s, transmittance), performance of GEMs/CsI in more realistic conditions (gain, stability, aging studies of CsI QE in gas, etc) Test at Light Source: N0 measurement Test inside PHENIX IR: Stability of GEMs, background, etc. ??? 12/8/04 B. Azmoun