بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

Environment Water

Environment It implies all the external factors either living and non living material that surround the man. There are different components of environment.

Components Physical Water, air, soil, housing, wastes, radiation, etc Biological Plant and animal life including bacteria, viruses, insects, rodents and animals. Social Customs, culture, habits, income, occupation, religion etc

Water Comprising over 70% of the Earth surface, water is undoubtedly the most precious natural resource that exists on our planet. it is essential for everything on our planet to grow and prosper., life on Earth would be non-existent:

World Water Day March 22 is World Water Day To call attention to the scarcity of clean water. Sanitation in the developing world. 20% of people globally lack access to safe water 5 million die each year from waterborne illnesses, More than 6000 people, mostly children Die every day from preventable diseases

Safe and wholesome water Water intended for human consumption should be safe and wholesome. Water that is, Free from pathogenic agents Free from harmful chemical substances Pleasant to the taste, free from color and odor Usable for domestic purposes

Tap water

Tap Water Amount Per 100 grams Calories 0, Total Fat 0 g Sodium 4 mg, Sugar 0 g Protein 0 g Vitamin A 0%, Vitamin C 0%, Calcium 0% Iron 0%, Vitamin D 0% Vitamin B-6, Vitamin B-12, Magnesium= 0%

Water is base of Life

Uses of water Domestic use Public purposes Industrial use Agricultural use Power production Waste removal Excess may lead to floods and disaster

Sources of water supply Rain Surface water a, impounding reservoirs b, rivers and streams c, tanks ponds and lakes d, sea water Ground water a, shallow wells b, deep wells c, springs

Rain water: It is the purest water in nature. Physically, it is clear, bright and sparkling. Chemically, it is very soft water containing only traces of dissolved solids. Being soft, it has a corrosive action on lead pipes.

Acid Rain: Gaseous sulphur and nitrogen oxides are emitted from power plants and by the use of disastrous weapons. These gases react with atmospheric water, forming dilute solution of sulphuric and nitric acid (acid rain). The acid rain has serious impacts on surface water quality and plants and effecting the human beings by distorting the environmental conditions

Shallow well It taps the water from above the first impervious layer It is moderately hard It is often grossly contaminated Its water level is dependent on the rains and other surface water.

Deep well It taps the water from below the first impervious layer It is much hard Its water is free from contamination It produces a source of constant supply

Natural wells Artesian wells, These are a kind of deep wells in which the water rises above the level of ground water because it is held under pressure between two impervious strata.

Sanitary Wells

Sanitary well It is properly located. it should be 50 feet away from the source of contamination. Well constructed against contamination, the lining of well constructed of bricks and stones. It should be protected by making a top and platform. Water should be drained by hand pump.

Springs When ground water comes to the surface and flows freely under natural pressure, it is called as spring. Shallow springs, dependent on the rains Deep springs, a source of constant supply Springs are exposed to contamination, there may be metallic taste according to the presence of ores in the draining area.

Water cycle

Types of water Potable water Its quality is such that it is used for drinking purpose. Clean water Water that is free from all contamination. Polluted water It is due to mud causing color and turbidity Contaminated water It is due to addition of human and animal waste.

Water pollution Water pollution occurs when a body of water is adversely affected due to the addition of large amounts of materials to the water. When it is unfit for its intended use, water is considered polluted. Two types of water pollutants exist; point source and nonpoint source.

Types of pollution Point source pollution It occur when harmful substances are emitted directly into a body of water. The ships oil spill best illustrates a point source water pollution. Nonpoint source It delivers pollutants indirectly through environmental changes. An example of this type of water pollution is when fertilizer from a field is carried into a stream by rain, in the form of run-off which in turn effects aquatic life.

Control of water pollution The technology exists for point sources of pollution to be monitored and regulated, although political factors may complicate matters. Nonpoint sources are much more difficult to control. Pollution arising from nonpoint sources accounts for a majority of the contaminants in streams and lakes.

CAUSES OF POLLUTION Many causes of pollution including sewage and fertilizers contain nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates. In excess levels, nutrients over stimulate the growth of aquatic plants and algae. Excessive growth of these types of organisms consequently clogs our waterways, use up dissolved oxygen as they decompose, and block light to deeper waters.

Contents of Water pollution Water contains impurities of various kinds, these are natural and man made. Natural impurities are dissolved gases and dissolved minerals. these are natural component of water and are not dangerous. Salts, clay, sand, mud and microscopic organisms. These impurities are derived from the atmosphere, catchment area and the soil

Hazards of water pollution Water born diseases Water related diseases in humans Disease due to insects breeding on water, malaria. ascariasis,trachoma. Diseases due to deficiency and excess of minerals in water Industrial hazards in dyeing and boilers Agriculture hazards

Prevention Clean, safe water, access to sanitation and knowledge of good hygiene practices are necessary components to public health. Educating local health workers on the importance of sanitation and teaching them how to recognize and treat symptoms of waterborne illnesses. We believe that access to clean water is a right, not a luxury. Help to prevent global water crises