HIV & AIDS Cases in Alameda County Presentation to the CCPC August 24, 2011 Elaine Bautista & Alex Marr.

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Presentation transcript:

HIV & AIDS Cases in Alameda County Presentation to the CCPC August 24, 2011 Elaine Bautista & Alex Marr

What is Epidemiology? The study of the distributions (who, where and when) and determinants (what and why) of morbidity (sickness) and mortality (death) among human populations

AIDS Epidemiology Terminology  Proportion = Percent of cases  Incidence = new cases in time period  Prevalence = existing cases in time period  Cumulative = all cases ever reported regardless if alive or deceased

Rate  The occurrence of an event (disease), accounting for the size of the population  Infers a measure of time  Allows for comparisons of populations  The number of cases occurring during a specific time period divided by the population during that time period  Usually expressed per 1,000 or 100,000

Rate (Cont.)

Case Rate Example: the rate in Alameda County for 2000 is: and the rate among African Americans in 2000 is: * 100,000 Number of cases Total Population = Rate 225___ 1,443,741 x 100,000= 15.6 x 100,000 = 60.2 _127___ 211,124

 When stratified by race and sex, some HIV diagnostic values are too low to ascertain a case rate. We present the full race breakdown by percentage of new HIV diagnoses. However, we focused on the following three races with high enough counts for the trend: Latino African American White  As HIV surveillance by name was implemented in 2006, HIV diagnostic data before 2006 may not be comparable.  For the purposes of this presentation, cases (including transgender cases) are categorized by the Sex at birth. Caveats – Potential Limitations

HIV/AIDS Diagnoses, Deaths and persons Living with HIV/AIDS Alameda Co.California Diagnosis of HIV, Diagnosis of AIDS, Average HIV/AIDS Rate, per 100, Cumulative diagnosis of HIV, ,41341,892 Cumulative diagnosis of AIDS infection, ,038159,329 Cumulative deaths in persons with HIV 231,385 Cumulative deaths in persons with AIDS 4,34588,842

HIV & AIDS Infections by Year of Diagnosis and Deaths among Persons with HIV Infection

HIV/AIDS Cases by Sex

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). eHARS. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, [ ]. Number of Newly Reported HIV (non-AIDS) Cases, Alameda County

Annual HIV/AIDS Case rates by Race/Ethnicity and Year of Diagnosis

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). eHARS. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, [ ]. Percentage of Newly Reported HIV (non-AIDS) Cases By Race/Ethnicity, Alameda County

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). eHARS. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, [ ]. Percentage of Newly Reported HIV (non-AIDS) Cases By Race/Ethnicity, Alameda County

Newly Reported HIV/AIDS Infections by Reported Transmission Mode and Sex, Alameda County

Newly Reported HIV/AIDS Infections among Males by Reported Transmission Mode and Race/Ethnicity, Alameda County, Latino Males

Newly Reported HIV/AIDS Infections among Females by Reported Transmission Mode by Race/Ethnicity, Alameda County, Latina

Injection Drug Users (includes IDU and MSM&IDU)

Case Rates of Newly Reported HIV (non-AIDS) Cases by Race/Ethnicity, Alameda County Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). eHARS. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, [ ].

Case Rates of Newly Reported HIV (non-AIDS) Cases by Race/Ethnicity, Alameda County

HIV and AIDS Cases by Age Group Alameda County,

HIV (non-AIDS) Cases by Age Group, Alameda County

AIDS Cases by Age Group, Alameda County

Persons Living with HIV/AIDS Alameda County,

Demographic Characteristics of PLWH/A * (Includes cases residing in Alameda County but diagnosed elsewhere)

Case Fatality = the number of deaths in a sub-population MALES Race/ Ethnicity Cumulative Total HIV+ Cases #DeathsCase Fatality African Amer % Amer Ind/ AK Native % Asian/ Pac Isl % Latino % White % FEMALES Race/ Ethnicity Cumulative Total HIV+ Cases #DeathsCase Fatality African Amer % Amer Ind/ AK Native % Asian/ Pac Isl % Latina % White %

Late Testers  The number of individuals who progress to AIDS within one year of initial HIV diagnosis. Includes those with HIV & AIDS simultaneous diagnosis.  As a % of AIDS Cases = 47.2%  As a % of all HIV Positive Cases = 40.1%

Late Testers

Percent Late Testers among each Demographic Characteristics (% of Group who were Late Testers)

Characteristics of Late Testers(n=3791)

Characteristics of Transgendered Persons in Alameda Co. # Cases

Conclusions  The number of diagnosed HIV cases surpassed the number of AIDS cases in  HIV/AIDS cases are predominantly among Males. Females comprise 15-20% of diagnosed cases.  African Americans comprise the majority of HIV/AIDS cases, followed by Whites and Latinos.  HIV/AIDS is diagnosed predominantly among individuals aged A slight increase in older adults age 50 years and above has been seen in recent years.  New way of looking at Persons Living with HIV/AIDS to include new residents who were diagnosed elsewhere.  New ways of looking at late testers. The use of the data will depend on the completeness of the surveillance data and the message being conveyed.