About the Presentations The presentations cover the objectives found in the opening of each chapter. All chapter objectives are listed in the beginning of each presentation. You may customize the presentations to fit your class needs. Some figures from the chapters are included. A complete set of images from the book can be found on the Instructor Resources disc.

ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server First Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Web Development

Objectives In this chapter, you will: Study the history of the World Wide Web Learn about Web development Learn about Microsoft Visual Web Developer 2008 Express Edition Work with well-formed Web pages ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition3

Introduction to Web Development Original purpose of the World Wide Web was to locate and display information With increasing commercial usage came demand for more interactive and visually appealing Web sites Initial response was JavaScript, but it has some disadvantages: –Runs on the client’s system –Works only within a Web browser ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition4

Introduction to Web Development (cont’d.) For a fully interactive Web site that accesses a database on a server, you must use a server-side scripting tool such as ASP.NET –Combined with C#, ASP.NET is one of today’s most popular Web site development technologies ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition5

Introduction to the World Wide Web Internet: a vast network that connects computers all over the world Originally developed in the 1960s by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Dept. of Defense (later known as DARPA) –Goal: to interconnect the main computer systems of various universities and research institutions funded by ARPA –First implementation was called ARPANET –Access was restricted to academic researchers, scientists, and the military ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition6

Introduction to the World Wide Web (cont’d.) At the end of the 1980s, commercial access to the Internet was granted World Wide Web (or Web): created by Tim Berners-Lee in at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland –Purpose: to easily access cross-referenced documents, through a method called hypertext linking Hypertext link (hyperlink): contains a reference to a Web page that can be accessed by a click ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition7

Introduction to the World Wide Web (cont’d.) Web page: a document on the Web Uniform Resource Locator (URL): a unique address on the Web Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): a generic term for many types of names and addresses on the Web Web site: refers to a location on the Internet of Web pages and related files that belong to a company, organization, or individual Web browser: a program for displaying Web pages ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition8

Introduction to the World Wide Web (cont’d.) Request: when the user’s browser asks a Web server for a Web page Web server: a computer that delivers Web pages Response: what the Web server returns to the Web browser ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition9

Understanding Web Browsers Microsoft Internet Explorer: currently the most popular browser on the market NCSA Mosaic: first browser, created in 1993 Netscape Navigator: created in 1994, and controlled 75% of the market until Internet Explorer was released, starting the “browser wars” Incompatibilities among browsers for DHTML elements resulted in creation of a set of industry standards World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees development of standards for the Web ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition10

Understanding Web Browsers (cont’d.) A benefit of the browser wars was rapid development and adoption of advanced Web page standards, including JavaScript, CSS, and DHTML Mozilla Firefox: a new open source software browser that has gained significant market share Open source: software for which the source code can be freely used and modified ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition11

Using HTML Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): a markup language used to create Web pages (HTML pages) Markup language: a set of characters or symbols that define a document’s logical structure – how it should be printed or displayed HTML is based on Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) HTML documents are text documents that contain formatting instructions called tags ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition12

Basic HTML Syntax HTML tags: determine how data is displayed on a Web page –Are enclosed in brackets ( ) –Usually occur as an opening and closing pair of tags –Closing tag starts with a / to define it as a closing tag –Data may be placed within the tag pair Element: a tag pair and any data it contains Content: the information contained within an opening and closing tag Empty element: an element that does not require a closing tag ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition13

Basic HTML Syntax (cont’d.) ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition14 Table 1-1: Common HTML elements

Basic HTML Syntax (cont’d.) Root element: contains all other elements in a document element: the root element for an HTML document element: contains information used by the browser –Occurs at the beginning of an HTML document after the opening tag element: contains text that appears in the browser’s title bar – element must contain a element ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition15

Basic HTML Syntax (cont’d.) Document head: the element and its contents element: contains the document body Parsing (or rendering): the process by which a Web browser assembles and formats an HTML document HTML is not case sensitive, but it is recommended to use lowercase letters for all elements Attributes: parameters used to configure some HTML elements ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition16

Basic HTML Syntax (cont’d.) Attributes are placed in the opening tag, prior to the closing bracket –Syntax: attribute = “value” Only recognized HTML elements and text are processed by a browser –Nonprinting characters such as tabs and line breaks are ignored element: creates a paragraph with a line break before and after its contents element: creates a line break ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition17

Creating a Web Page HTML documents are text files –Can be created with any text editor, such as Notepad or WordPad –Cannot view the final result until the document is opened in a browser HTML editor: an application designed for creating HTML documents Examples: Macromedia Dreamweaver, Microsoft FrontPage ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition18

Web Communication Protocols Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): manages the hypertext links used to navigate the Web Host: a computer system that is being accessed by a remote computer Domain name: a unique address for identifying a Web server on the Internet Domain identifier: last part of a domain name that identifies the type of organization URL may also contain directory and file names ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition19

Web Communication Protocols (cont’d.) ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition20 Figure 1-3 Sample URL

Web Communication Protocols (cont’d.) Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP): a large collection of communication protocols used on the Internet –HTTP is a component of TCP/IP Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS): provides secure Internet connections ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition21

Introduction to Web Page Development Web page design (Web design): refers to the visual design and creation of documents on the Web –Quality Web design plays an important role in attracting first-time and repeat visitors to a Web site Web page authoring (Web authoring): refers to the creation and assembly of tags, attributes, and data that make up a Web page Web development (Web programming): refers to the design of software applications for a Web site ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition22

Understanding Client/Server Architecture Server: usually refers to some sort of database from which a client requests information Two-tier system: a system consisting of a client and a server Client (front-end): –Handles the presentation of the interface to the user –Receives, formats, and presents the results returned from the server Server (back-end): performs the heavy processing such as calculations ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition23

Understanding Client/Server Architecture (cont’d.) ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition24 Figure 1-4 The design of a two-tier client/server system

Understanding Client/Server Architecture (cont’d.) Three-tier (multitier) client/server system: contains three distinct pieces: –Client tier: the Web browser –Processing tier: handles the interaction between the Web browser client and the data storage tier –Data storage tier: stores data in a database and handles requests from the processing tier ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition25

Understanding Client/Server Architecture (cont’d.) ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition26 Figure 1.5 The design of a three-tier client/server system

Client-Side Scripting and JavaScript Static Web pages: pages that cannot change after the browser renders them JavaScript: client-side scripting language used to develop interactive Web pages Client-side scripting: refers to a scripting language that runs on the user’s browser (on the client tier) Scripting language: refers to any type of language capable of programmatically controlling a Web page ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition27

Client-Side Scripting and JavaScript (cont’d.) Scripting engine: part of the browser that executes scripting language code Interpreter: any program that executes scripting language code Scripting host: a Web browser that contains a scripting engine JavaScript allows creation of: –Web pages with interactive games –Dynamic modification of Web pages after rendering –Visual effects such as animation –Control of the Web browser window ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition28

Client-Side Scripting and JavaScript (cont’d.) For security reasons, client-side JavaScript: –Cannot be used outside of a Web browser –Does not allow file manipulation –Does not include mechanisms for creating network connections or accessing databases –Cannot run system commands or execute programs on a client –Cannot interact directly with Web servers operating at the processing tier ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition29

Server-Side Scripting and ASP.NET Server-side scripting: a technology that processes a request by executing a script on a server –Primarily used for communication between the client tier and the data storage tier –Common uses include shopping carts, search engines, message boards, Web-based , blogs, games, etc. ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition30

Server-Side Scripting and ASP.NET (cont’d.)‏ ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition31 Figure 1.6 How a Web server processes a server-side script

Server-Side Scripting and ASP.NET (cont’d.)‏ Active Server Pages (ASP).NET: server-side scripting technology; part of Visual Web Developer –Can use two languages with ASP.NET: Visual Basic or Visual C# C#: an object-oriented programming language based on the C++ programming language Object-oriented programming (OOP): refers to the creation of reusable software objects that can be incorporated into other programs.NET Framework: Microsoft platform for developing Web applications ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition32

Should You Use Client-Side or Server-Side Scripting? Use client-side scripting for: –Controlling the Web browser –Input data validation –Light processing Use server-side scripting for: –Accessing a database –Performing intensive calculations –Using data storage Web application: program that runs on a server but is accessed by clients through a Web page on a browser ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition33

Introduction to Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Visual Studio: a suite of development tools including Visual C++, Visual C#, Visual Basic, and Visual Web Developer Express Editions: free but limited editions of the tools in Visual Studio ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition34

Installing Microsoft Visual Web Developer 2008 Express Edition Visual Developer can be used to create: –ASP.Net Web sites –HTML pages –Cascading Style Sheets –XML files –JavaScript code –Other types of files used on a Web site ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition35

Managing Web Sites in Visual Web Developer To create a new Web site, use File menu – New Web Site, then select the type from the templates: –ASP.NET Web site –ASP.NET Web service –Empty Web site –WCF (Windows Communication Foundation) Web service ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition36

Managing Web Sites in Visual Web Developer To add a new item to a Web site, use Website menu – Add New Item –Select item type from the list of installed templates To add an existing item, use Website menu – Add Existing Item ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition37

ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition38 Figure 1.7 Add New Item dialog box

Managing Web Sites in Visual Web Developer (cont’d.)‏ Web site’s project settings are stored in two files: –Visual Studio Solution file (.sln): contains settings required by the project –Solution User Options file (.suo): contains customization options for the project These files are stored in the project folder ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition39

Using the Visual Studio Integrated Development Environment (IDE)‏ Integrated development environment (IDE): the Visual Studio workspace in which you create projects Project: the program you are writing (or the Web site you are developing) Solution: can contain multiple projects Start Page: contains links to recent projects, tutorials, developer information, and recent news about Visual Web Developer ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition40

ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition41 Figure 1.8 IDE Start Page

Using the Visual Studio Integrated Development Environment (cont’d.)‏ Solution Explorer window: used to manage the files associated with the Web site –Provides a hierarchical list of the project files Code Editor: used to edit programming code –Includes statement completion IntelliSense technology to automate tasks Text Editor: used to edit text that is not associated with a programming language CSS Editor: used to edit CSS files ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition42

ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition43 Figure 1.9 Solution Explorer window for the Cessna project

ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition44 Figure 1.10 Statement completion in the Code Editor

Using the Visual Studio Integrated Development Environment (cont’d.) Properties window: used to change properties, attributes, and other settings associated with a project –Contains two columns: property column and value column Certain types of windows in the IDE can be floating or dockable –Right-click the window’s title bar to change between floating and dockable ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition45

ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition46 Figure 1.11 Properties of the tag displayed in the Properties window

ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition47 Figure 1.12 Solution Explorer window with its dockable property turned on

ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition48 Figure 1.13 Solution Explorer window with its floating property turned on

Building and Starting a Web Site Source code: original programming code Compile: to process and assemble the source code into an executable format Use Build menu to compile source code –Build page: compiles an individual file –Build Web Site: compiles all source files Visual Web Developer automatically saves changes to all open items during the build process ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition49

Building and Starting a Web Site (cont’d.) Output window: displays status messages for various IDE features, such as build progress –Use View menu – Output to display the Output window Error List window: lists any source file errors found during the build process –Use View menu – Error List to display this window Compiler error messages: show any syntax errors in a source file Warning messages: occur for potential problems ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition50

ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition51 Figure 1.15 Error List window displaying errors found in ASP.NET source file Figure 1.14 Output window after building the Cessna Web site

Using the ASP.NET Development Server ASP.NET Development Server: basic Web server that can be used to test a Web site on your local computer –Designed to run under localhost, the name used by a computer to refer to itself –Use Debug menu – Start Without Debugging Port: represents the endpoint of a connection between a client and a server –Port 80 is reserved for HTTP communications ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition52

Working with Well-Formed Web Pages Current version of HTML is 4.01, released in 1999 Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML): replaced HTML for Web pages –Supports devices other than traditional Web browsers User agent: an application capable of retrieving and processing HTML and XHTML documents –Includes mobile phones, PDAs, browsers, search engine crawlers, etc. ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition53

XHTML Document Type Declarations (DTDs) Well-formed document: one that conforms to the rules and regulations of XHTML Must include a declaration as the first line of an XHTML document Document type declaration (DTD): defines the elements and attributes that can be used in a document Deprecated: term for elements and attributes that are considered to be obsolete ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition54

XHTML Document Type Declarations (cont’d.) ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition55 Table 1.2 HTML elements that are deprecated in XHTML 1.0

XHTML Document Type Declarations (cont’d.) Three types of DTDs for XHTML documents: –Transitional DTD: allows you to use deprecated style elements –Frameset DTD: identical to transitional DTD, but also includes the and elements –Strict DTD: eliminates elements that were deprecated in the transitional and frameset DTDs ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition56

Writing Well-Formed Documents A well-formed document: –Must include declaration and,, and elements –Must use as the root element –Is case sensitive –Must have closing tags for all XHTML elements –Must close all empty elements with a space and slash before the closing bracket –Must properly nest XHTML elements (an element must be totally contained within another element) ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition57

Using Phrase Elements XHTML uses two types of inline elements for formatting text: –Formatting elements: provide specific instructions about how their content should be displayed –Phrase elements: primarily identify or describe their content Recommended to use phrase elements to allow compatibility with different user agents ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition58

Using Phrase Elements (cont’d.) ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition59 Table 1.3 Phrase elements

Working with Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Style: a single piece of CSS formatting information CSS information can be added directly to documents or stored in separate documents shared by multiple Web pages CSS design and formatting techniques are independent of the content of a Web page Style declaration: creates a CSS style; consists of: –Property: refers to a specific CSS style –Value: determines the style’s visual characteristics ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition60

Working with Cascading Style Sheets (cont’d.) Three locations for style declarations: –Inline styles: add style information to an individual HTML element, using a style attribute –Internal style sheets: add style information to an entire document, using elements within the document head Selector: the element to which a specific style rule applies –External style sheets: separate text documents with style declarations that are used by multiple Web documents in a Web site Have a file extension of.css ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition61

Validating Web Pages Validating parser: program that checks whether an XHTML document is well formed Validation: process of verifying that an XHTML document is well formed and conforms to the specified DTD W3C Markup Validation Service: free service to validate both HTML and XHMTL Visual Web Developer automatically validates Web pages ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition62

Summary World Wide Web created by Tim Berners-Lee in at CERN W3C established in 1994 at MIT to develop Web standards Two-tier system consists of client and server Three-tier system consists of client, processing, and data storage tiers JavaScript is a client-side scripting language Active Server Pages (ASP).Net is a server-side scripting technology ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition63

Summary (cont’d.)‏ Visual Studio is an integrated development environment (IDE) including Visual C++, Visual C#, Visual Basic, and Visual Web Developer Visual Web Developer includes the ASP.NET Development Server for testing Web sites XHMTL is the current standard markup language for Web pages A document type definition (DTD) defines the elements and attributes that can be used in a document ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition64

Summary (cont’d.)‏ Use CSS to design and format the display of Web pages A validating parser is a program that checks whether an XHTML document is well formed ASP.NET Programming with C# and SQL Server, First Edition65