CISCO ROUTER

 The Cisco router IOS  Enhanced editing  Administrative functions  Hostnames  Banners  Passwords  Interface descriptions  Verifying your configuration 2 Cisco Router

Cisco Router IOS  Carries network protocols and functions  Connects high-speed traffic between devices  Adds security to control access  Provides scalability for growth  Supplies reliability

Connecting To A Cisco Router Cisco 2811 Cisco 1841

Bringing up a Router  There are four major phases to the bootup process: 1. Performing the POST 2. Loading the bootstrap program 3. Locating and loading the Cisco IOS software 4. Locating and loading the startup configuration file or entering setup mode

Bringing up a Router 1. Performing the POST  Power-On Self Test (POST)  When the router is powered on, software on the ROM chip conducts the POST.  During this self-test, the router executes diagnostics from ROM on several hardware components including the CPU, RAM, and NVRAM.  After the POST has been completed, the router executes the bootstrap program.

Bringing up a Router 2. Loading the Bootstrap Program  After the POST, the bootstrap program is copied from ROM into RAM.  Once in RAM, the CPU executes the instructions in the bootstrap program.  The main task of the bootstrap program is to locate the Cisco IOS and load it into RAM.

Bringing up a Router 3. Locating and Loading Cisco IOS  The IOS is typically stored in flash memory.  Note: Once the IOS begins to load, you may see a string of pounds signs (#) while the image decompresses. ############################

Bringing up a Router 4. Locating and Loading the Configuration File  Bootstrap program searches for the startup configuration file, known as startup-config, in NVRAM.  file is copied into RAM as the running configuration file, running-config.  If the startup configuration file can not be located, then we enter setup mode.

Memory  ROM : bootstrap  Flash Memory : Cisco IOS  NVRAM : permanent storage for the startup configuration file (startup-config)  If we made changes then we must save it to the NVRAM

Remember  every interface on the router is a member or host on a different IP network.  Each interface must be configured with an IP address and subnet mask of a different network.

Modes  User mode:  Router>  Used mostly to view statistics  Privileged mode:  enable  Router#  Used to view & change router configuration  Global configuration mode.  config terminal or config t  Router (config)#

we use packet tracer program for router configuration in the 3 previous modes. Open Packet Tracer and choose the router :

Double click on the router Choose CLI for router configuration.

Command-Line Interface (CLI)  More flexible than setup mode.  To use the CLI, just say No to entering the initial configuration dialog.

Now we are in the user mode : To know the commands in user mode we use (?) To enter the privilage mode we write: ( enable )

To see the commands in privilage mode we use (?)

To go to global configuration we use ( conf t ) :

Configuration certain basic tasks are performed including:  Naming the router  Setting passwords  Configuring interfaces  Configuring a banner  Saving changes on a router  Verifying basic configuration and router operations

Configuration  Naming the router  Setting passwords 1- Lone console password to protect the user mode :Console, Telnet 2- Enable password to protect the privilage mode : 3- Secret password for more protection of privilage mode:

Configuration  Banner  Saving changes and restart  or:

Configuration  Interface configuration  To remove password:  To encrypt all passwords:

Showing the work

Using packet tracer in router addressing 1- We connet the figure.  The cables used are : · Straight : between switch, pc and router, switch. · Cross : between switch, switch. · Serial : betweeen the two routers.

Using packet tracer in addressing 2- We put the IP address for each device as the following :  We have in the figure 3 networks :

Using packet tracer in addressing  To distribute the Ip's on the router interfaces we do the following :  Router 0:

Using packet tracer in addressing  For the second router (Router1 ) :

Using packet tracer in addressing  Give each PC it’s IP address:  For PC0 : From IP configuration :

Using packet tracer in addressing  How to ping from PC0 to the default gateway :  For PC0 :

Using packet tracer in addressing We chose command promot and ping on the default gateway :

Homework Exercise 1- Connect the following network using Packet Tracer. 2- Use IP addresses for PC’s as shown in the figure. 3- For each network between two routers make subnetting from the IP address /24. What are the 2 networks addresses? IP’s for router interfaces?