 Today, we will Conduct an Investigation Take some notes Write a short reflection about what we learned  Please Do Now: get your lab notebook get out something to write with Good Morning!

 How does initial velocity affect the time it takes a horizontally- launched projectile to reach the ground?  Take a few moments and read pg 174 – 175 in your text. As you read, be thinking about: what materials will you be using how the lab will help you answer the question what your hypothesis will be Today’s Investigation

 Turn to the first clean page in your lab notebook and title it, “Chpt 2. Sec 4 - Projectile Motion, part 1” Don’t forget to make an entry in your table of contents  Copy the question down at the top of your new page How does initial velocity affect the time it takes a horizontally- launched projectile to reach the ground?

 Form a hypothesis that addresses the lab question. remember: a hypothesis is an “if” “then” statement – and if you’re feeling particularly smart today, add a “because” statement after the “then” Projectile Motion, Part 1

 We’re going to split the lab into two parts. Your group will have 20 minutes to complete Part A of the lab (#1 – 4) Time for the Lab!

 We’ll get back to the lab before the end of the period – so leave your lab notebook out and OPEN  For now, get out your spiral for notes and a clean sheet of notebook paper for your predictions/reflection Time for Notes

It’s as easy as rolling off a cliff…

 If this red ball had a net force to the right applied to it and rolled off the cliff at a constant speed, what would its path look like? Make a Prediction

Predict AB C Which path will the ball follow?

 Determine which path you believe the ball will follow AND WHY. Write your prediction on a clean sheet of paper – we will be adding to this at the end of this lesson, so keep it neat! Prediction

AB C A few years ago, researchers went to elementary, middle, and high schools as well as universities and showed students this image and asked them, “Ignoring air resistance, which of the following correctly shows what an object would do if it rolled off a cliff?

 The breakdown of answers they got was almost exactly the same at all ages.  About 60% said number 1 was correct. The object will stop in midair, and then start to fall straight down. because some people referred to the coyote in cartoons, the researchers called it the Wile E. Coyote Effect.Wile E. Coyote Effect  3:50  About 25% said number 2 was correct. The object will move forward at first, but will eventually just fall straight down.  About 15% answered number 3. The object will continue to move forwards the entire time it is falling. The Results

 I’m not going to tell you. We’ll revisit the question at the end of these notes. So What’s the Correct Answer?

 Both coins fall the same amount vertically in the same amount of time.  The projected coin also moved to the right; but it fell downward at exactly the same rate as the dropped coin. Observations from the lab In your notes, sketch what the motion of these two coins must have looked like

 As we saw with the coin launcher, both coins – the one that fell straight down and the one that was flung out horizontally - hit the ground at the same time.  So what effect did horizontal velocity have on the time it took (the downward motion) the coin to hit the ground?  The best conclusion we can make from this is that the horizontal motion of the coin does not affect downward motion of the coin. Observations from the Lab

 Intuition will tell you that the horizontally launched object will “hang” in the air.  But… YOUR INTUITION (at least in this case) IS WRONG!  Here’s the Problem Here’s the Problem  Here’s a video Here’s a video Observations from the lab

The title of this slide says it all: horizontal and vertical motion are independent of each other – even when they are happening at the same time! So…let’s get back to the question: Horizontal and Vertical Motion Don’t Know Each Other Exist!

 It Doesn’t!  What is the only factor (besides air resistance, which we are ignoring) that DOES affect the time it takes a horizontally-launched projectile to reach the ground?  How high off the ground the object is. How does initial velocity affect the time it takes a horizontally- launched projectile to reach the ground?”

Revisit Our Thinking AB C Which path will the ball follow?

1. If a bullet is fired horizontally from a gun at the same instant a bullet is dropped from gun barrel height, which bullet hits the ground first? Explain your answer in terms of horizontal and vertical velocity, and gravity Reflection 2. Sketch the drawing on the right. Explain the significance of the coins being at the same height at each instance AND the significance of the increasing distances between the “strobe photo.” ADV: if the table is 5m high, how long are the coins in the air?

 The vertical position of a projectile constantly changes, though. Why? The constant force of gravity.  As the projectile rises, it slows down. As it falls, it speeds up.  The change in velocity is ALWAYS 9.8 m/s every second. (9.8 m/s 2 ) Motion of Every Object

Vector Drawings

 Any projectile travels horizontally and vertically.  Ignoring air resistance, the horizontal velocity remains the same Force doesn’t “run out” and the law of inertia says objects in motion remain in motion at the same speed and direction unless a net force is applied. Motion of Every Object

 To keep the math super simple, let’s round the change in velocity to 10 m/s 2  If a projectile is thrown straight up at 40 m/s, its velocity will decrease by 10 m/s every second.  At the top of its path, its velocity is 0 m/s… but immediately, the object begins to fall back to earth where its velocity will increase by 10 m/s every second. Motion of Every Object