Economic Contribution of the Forest Industry in Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin Dr Julie Ballweg Forest Economist Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources June 23, 2015

Historical Trends Current Status of Industry Current Challenges Future Opportunities Overview

History of the Industry Consolidation lost 802 forest products establishments lost 58,715 employees Slow recovery in

Change in Forest Industry Employment State2002 Employment 2012 Employment Change in Employees Percent Change Michigan59,59938,903-20,696-35% Minnesota44,44430,350-14,094-32% Wisconsin84,85360,928-23,925-28% Total188,896130,181-58,715-31% Source: 2014 Annual Survey of Manufactures

Change in Number of Establishments State2002 Establishments 2012 Establishments Change in Establishments Percent Change Michigan1,4121, % Minnesota1, % Wisconsin1,4961, % Total4,0303, % Source: 2014 Annual Survey of Manufactures

Other Changes Value added decreased 20% from Value of shipments decreased15% from Total payroll decreased 31% from

Where have the jobs gone? Employment Wood Products -34% Pulp and Paper -26% Wood Furniture -33%

Current Status of the Forest Products Industry Forest products Employment Output Value Added Other Services

Forest Products 3,228 forest products companies Wood furniture industry is fastest growing $45 billion in industry shipments 12% of the value of all shipments in Wisconsin Source: 2014 Annual Survey of Manufactures

Forest Products Percent of Wisconsin Forest Industry

Employment (in 2014) 128,402 employees Payroll of $6.2 billion Every job in forestry supports 3.8 additional jobs

Employment (in 2014) StateRankingEmployment California171,895 North Carolina265,054 Wisconsin361,226 Indiana542,437 Ohio740,899 Michigan839,259 Minnesota1627,917

Wages IndustryAverage Annual Wage Converted Paper Products Mfg$57,750 Wood Furniture Mfg$41,757 Other Wood Product Mfg$30,976 Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Mills$70,213 Veneer and Engineered Wood Products$35,675 Sawmills and Wood Preservation$32, 196 Logging$32,212 Support Activities for Forestry$41,203 Foresters$57,150 Source: WORKnet, Wisconsin’s Workforce and Labor Market Information System

Value of Shipments $45 billion in output Output of $354,000 per worker (above national average of 324,000) Every million dollars of output in forestry creates $1.3 million in other sectors One of the top ten industries in Wisconsin by output

Value of Shipments StateRankingValue of Shipments Wisconsin1$22 billion Michigan6$14.6 billion Ohio8$12.3 billion Indiana11$10.8 billion Minnesota16$9.2 billion

Value Added StateRankingValue Added Wisconsin1$10 billion Michigan5$7.4 billion Ohio11$5.2 billion Minnesota13$4.8 billion Indiana14$4.8 billion

Adding Value Improve log grade Use more of the tree New timber products New uses for wood Improvements in cost efficiencies Payment for ecosystem services

Ecosystem Service Values Forest health Clean water Erosion control Endangered species habitat Cultural values Biological diversity Climate regulation

Valuing Ecosystem Services Direct Use Value Timber, Non-timber forest products, recreation Indirect Use Value Erosion control, water quality, animal habitat Option and Existence Value Existence of trees, existence of wildlife, cultural uses

Forest supply Forest certification Workforce Invasive species US Farm Bill Challenges

Forest Supply Supply of sawtimber Landowners harvesting without professional assistance Forest fragmentation Cost of entry

Forest Certification 44% of Wisconsin forests are certified, 10% of worlds forests certified Process for improvement versus economic benefits

Workforce 100% small, independent logging contractors Manufacturing workforce provides lower compensation than other industries Training capacity within industry

Invasive Species Costs $138 Billion/year Citizen science and crowd sourcing using mobile technologies for detection and communication

Farm Bill 2.2 Million family farms in US 11 million family forest landowners Farm Bill largely goes to farms Use forest certification to leverage conservation funding

Green building Growth of export market Carbon programs Renewable energy Nanocellulose Opportunities

Green Building Cross Laminated Timber Whole Trees Research being done at Forest Products Lab in Madison, Wisconsin World’s tallest wood building in Melbourne, Australia

Source: Wholetrees.com

Emissions Trading Carbon Tax Cap and Trade Voluntary Programs Small annual payments but makes forestry competitive with agriculture

Renewable Energy Converting forest biomass to biodiesel First generation-sugar, corn crops Second generation- woody crops, agricultural residue

Wood-Based Nanotechnology Smart paper/packaging – Electronic paper with magnetic properties – Security/anti-counterfeiting – Lightweight printing paper and paperboard, enhanced recycling properties – Active defences against bacteria/fungal infiltration Wood composites – Greener building material – Stronger light weight wood composites – Stronger than steel and more durable

YearDirect JobsGDP (Final Product) USWorldUSWorld ,00060,000$13 billion$30 billion ,000400,000$80 billion$200 billion ,0002,000,000$400 billion$1 trillion 20202,000,0006,000,000$1 trillion$3 trillion Source: National Science Foundation Nanotechnology

Wood-Based Nanotechnology Potential for 20,000-74,000 direct jobs 75, ,000 manufacturing jobs GDP $ billion

Julie Ballweg Forest Economist Wisconsin DNR Thank you