New technologies used in 2010 Census Round – Polish case study Janusz Dygaszewicz Director of Central Census Bureau Geneva, 30 September – 03 October 2013

Data collection channels in 2010 Census Round Census architecture - The IT Census System GIS Technology The Geostatistics Portal Census organisation support systems Census staff organization Summary Agenda 2

Data collection channels in 2010 Census Round 3 Including spatial data reference registers Administrative Sources CAII (CAWI) – Computer Assisted Internet Interview Self-enumeration by Internet CATI - Computer Assisted Telephone Interview Telephone Interview Registered on hand-held terminals with usage GPS and GIS service CAPI - Computer Assisted Personal Interview Interview with respondents realized by the census enumerator

CAII - Computer Assisted Internet Interview, CAPI - Computer Assisted Personal Interview, CATI - Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing. CAxI 4 CAXI

Mixed model - a combination of data from administrative sources with data acquired from statistical surveys Mixed Model for Census 5

– as a direct source of census data (personalisation of questionnaires) – to create: compilations of buildings, dwellings and persons list an address-residence register a sampling frame The use of administrative sources in census 6 Data from administrative systems was used in the census:

Census architecture - The IT Census System For the purposes of census design and conduction, the Central Statistical Office of Poland implemented the IT Census System (ISS) The ISS integrated various technologies (from Internet data collection portal, applications installed on mobile terminals, through applications managing field works and assisting in telephone interviews, to specialist microdata bases, data warehouses up to analytical and reporting tools) 7

Public Area

9 XML TXT Registry 1 Metadata server Operational Microdata Base Registry 2 Registry n Analitycal Microdata Base ETL Tools Portal CAXI Data processing infrastructure XML Files Statistical Files Golden Record Metadata SDMX Questionaries

The Metainformation Subsystem gathered indispensable metainformation describing data and census processes. The task of the Metainformation Subsystem was to ensure the coherent definition of statistical objects for the OMB and AMB. The Operational Micro Data Base (OMB) - system included hardware-system- tool infrastructure (computer hardware, system software, software tools) and applications (computer programs that are the result of programming work). This base enabled the inclusion of data transmitted in electronic form through four informational channels by entities and to conduct further data processing. In the OMB there took place processes connected with the control, correction, and linking of data, up to their complete cleansing. Next, depersonalised data were transferred to the Analytical Microdata Base (AMB). Census architecture - The IT Census System 10 For the census purposes were implemented the following systems:

The role of the Analytical Microdata Base is to store depersonalised census data in their final form. In this dataset every type of statistical analyses is carried out to acquire results for publication, i.e. the census products. The AMB allows all the recipients of statistical information to quickly acquire data in the form of tables, aggregates and hypercubes. The AMB system constitutes an analytical and reporting platform that currently enables the statistical preparation of the outcome data from the National Population and Housing Census The results of analyses in the form of documents, reports and breakdowns are shared with internal and external users. The AMB also allows the calculation of spatial analysis and aggregates available in the Geostatistics Portal as maps (cartograms and cartodiagrams). Census architecture - The IT Census System 11

Electronic media CAII method system 12 OBM ZKS Online questionnaire system Internet Online methodOffline method Offline questionnaire Downloading the application file Online Browser

Identification Used to confirm the identity of the respondent. Entering identification data in a questionnaire (PIN code – (PESEL, NIP) first name, last name) or additional authentication qualities (f.ex. a place of birth, mother’s maiden name) Establishing a new password which jointly with PESEL was the basis of authentication within 14 days Self-enumeration by Internet filling the questionnaire by the respondent 13

14 The most significant functionality of Call Center Hotline Interviewing Arranging visits by census enumerators Confirming the identity of the interviewer/census enumerator

Dedicated APN Mobile network Dedicated APN Mobile network CAPI method system 15 OBM ZKS Dispatching application - - server - Dispatching application - - server - Communication server WAN CSO Dispatching application - client - Map server Mobile application Management of a terminal Cryptographic SIM card Module GPS

In 2010 Census Round a combination of data coming from administrative registers and geographic sources containing spatial data was linked with statistical data for the first time. GIS Technology Census Round registers containing spatial data administr ative sources

Address point identification system

Spatial address point Identification system

Statistical adress points address points for residential buildings Statistical distribution boundaries statistical regions enumeration areas Spatial data compiled in the statistics today 19

The digital maps based on the GIS technology were used during: 20 community updatepre-census field checkcensus survey

Enumerator – GIS technology Map module - GIS – Ortophotomap – Cadastral Data – Assigned Tasks – Started Tasks – Completed Tasks 21

The portal will allow statistical data presentation in form of any spatial unit: Geostatistics Portal geo.stat.gov.pl 22 5’ grid 1 km 2 grid administrative division urban division statistical division any other polygon

23 Thematic map – region (NUTS1) level

24 Thematic map – voivodeship (NUTS2) level

25 Thematic map – subregion (NUTS3) level

26 Thematic map – county (LAU1) level

27 Thematic map – municipality (LAU2) level

28 Cartodiagrams- Choropleths and Proportional symbols

Census organisation support systems Implementation of the Notification System and the Knowledge Base facilitated effective communication with all members of the census organizations: – In the Notification System, several thematic sections, so-called projects, were created. Each project encompassed a selected thematic area. – In the Knowledge Base were gathered up-to-date versions of documents, including instructions, training materials, and the operational schedule. To ensure effective management of the remote enumerator instruction process, the m-learning application was employed. It was installed on mobile terminals. 29

Census staff organisation 30 Central Census Office Census Management Centre Central Controllers Cenus Data Processing Centre Administrators of census systems Voivodship Census Office Voivodship Management Centre Voivodship Controllers Voivodship Call Center Statistical Interviewers Gmina Census Office Gmina Leaders Census Enumerators

Summary – simultaneous data collection, without paper, from four different channels (i.e. administrative registers, Internet self-enumeration (CAII), direct interviews conducted by census enumerators, using electronic questionnaires (CAPI), and telephone interviews conducted by statistical interviewers (CATI)) was used and implemented on such a large scale for the first time in Europe, – data from 27 administrative registers and 3 non-administrative systems were effectively integrated, – paper questionnaires were completely eliminated, and were replaced by ICT solutions, 31 The census in Poland turned out to be innovative project not only countrywide but also worldwide on grounds of the following facts and figures:

Summary – the use of GIS technology helped to conduct the census preparatory work and an ongoing census process monitoring and give possibility to compile and present census results based on multi-dimensional spatial analyses – IT Census System comprised a number of solutions ensuring the high level of security of the processed data, – the modern statistical data processing technologies have been developed – they will have a considerable influence on the methodology of on going and future statistical surveys, 32

Instead of a conclusion Census in thousands of census enumerators 120 mln of questionnaires tons of papers At the end shredding census questionnaires Census thousands of census enumerators 0 questionnaires 0 tons of papers ca. 40 mln € less better data the more reliable results Infrastructure for statistical surveys in the future 33

Central Statistical Office - Poland Thank you for your attention Janusz Dygaszewicz Director of Central Census Bureau POLAND