The Last Macromolecule! Nucleic Acids The Last Macromolecule!

Review Warm Up Question A “PRE TEST” Both DNA and RNA contain phosphate contain amino acids are a double helix are inorganic ** No notes because this was a “pre test”

Next… use a few lines to make your own code similar to this one. What does the following “code” mean to you? Write one line at the top of your notes. Next… use a few lines to make your own code similar to this one.

What did the code for DNA look like to you? Why is this code considered “universal?” Get ready to take notes on DNA! (In your book or on paper) DNA is the last macromolecule! What are you expecting to learn about DNA? That’s right! Building blocks & Function! Remember you must take notes for each Q!

Q! What does DNA stand for? DNA is too small to see, but under a microscope it looks like a twisted up ladder! DNA stands for: D: Deoxyribose N: Nucleic A: Acid Every living thing has DNA. That means that you have something in common with a zebra, a tree, a mushroom and a beetle!!!!

Where do you find DNA in the body? Take a look at the following picture The BIG PICTURE! This picture may be confusing but this is the big picture!

Q! What are nucleic acids? Two types: DNA and RNA Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA carry genetic information Q! What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? Nucleotides Made of a sugar (Deoxyribose), phosphate, and nitrogen base

Q! What does a nucleotide look like? Q! What is the code for DNA? There are 4 nitrogen bases for DNA Adenine, Thymine, Guanine & Cytosine The “code” is as follows: Adenine goes with Thymine (A-T) Guanine goes with Cytosine (G-C)

Q! Why does DNA called a “double helix?” Finish This DNA code: A- C- G- T- DNA is double stranded and twists (Like a twisted up ladder). Tape/Staple the DNA Picture in your notes

Remember! A-T G-C Finish This DNA code: A-T C-G G-C T-A Explore what you know! Using the notes we have made… Try to label the DNA molecule that you put in with your notes. If you finish, you can quiz each other over the notes in preparation for your exit quiz! Finish This DNA code: A-T C-G G-C T-A

Label the following picture: 1. (circle thing) 3. (5 pointed shape) 2.

Answer the following: DNA HAS ___ STRANDS. In DNA, A goes with ____ and C goes with ______. Explain why DNA IS a universal code. What are nucleic acids? What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? What are the building blocks of DNA?

Explain what each number is pointing to (1-4). Exit Quiz! Notes away 1. 2. 3. 4. Explain what each number is pointing to (1-4).

Comparing DNA and mRNA DNA vs. RNA Nucleus Deoxyribose Directions: Copy and fill in the chart below using the 5 criteria DNA vs. RNA Location Sugar Structure Nitrogen Bases Function Nucleus Deoxyribose Double helix (2 strands) Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, & Cytosine Contains genes to make proteins Cytoplasm Ribose Single helix (1 strand) Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, & Cytosine Carries genetic message out of the nucleus

You can tell people apart by their fingerprints… Because everyone’s fingerprints are different!

DNA is like a fingerprint because everyone’s is a little different! How does the police look at DNA to figure out who committed a crime?

STEP # 1 The DNA gets cut up by special scissors!!!

The scissors can only cut the same colour!

All of the cut up pieces of DNA are different sizes. STEP # 2 All of the cut up pieces of DNA are different sizes.

STEP # 3 A special machine sorts the DNA by size. (Little pieces are fast, so they move faster to the bottom.) BIG TOP LITTLE BOTTOM

We are ALL a little bit different! Miss Ellis’ DNA BIG LITTLE Sara’s DNA

Soooo…. How do we tell people apart just by their DNA anyways???

Our DNA has different sizes of pieces so it makes a different pattern when it’s all cut up. Miss Ellis’ DNA Sara’s DNA

This is what it really looks like!!! Miss Ellis Sara                                                                                                   This is what it really looks like!!!

Can you guess which one is Sara and which one is Miss Ellis? Is the red box around Miss Ellis’ DNA or around Sara’s DNA?

Now let’s solve a mystery using DNA clues! (Just like they do on CSI!!!)

Nucleic Acids and Maritime Law A ship

The Victim Full name: Miss Riley Rose Roberts Age: 22 years old Profession: Professional fisher.

Suspect # 1 Name: Tony Tackle Suspected because: Tony was caught at the local marine terminal last year trying to sneak fishing tackle from one of the ships at port.

Suspect # 2 Name: Randy Raddichio Suspected because: A witness saw Randy chowing down on some radishes just moments after the veggie snatching.

Suspect # 3 Name: Fanny Fennel Suspected because: Fanny is also a skydiver and the long time enemy of Miss Maize. She would like nothing more than for Miss Maize to not eat her vegetables and not be able to compete as well in the big competition next week.

Now solve the mystery! At each station there will be a question. If you answer the question correctly you will get a DNA clue. At the end, look at the clues and figure out who stole Miss Maize’s vegetables!

Activities Presentation about DNA (Time: 15 minutes) Extracting DNA from an onion (Time: 15-20 minutes) May be done as an experiment in front of the class rather than as an activity for everyone to participate in (as you need a blender, use of a knife, etc) Making a DNA molecule with candy (Time: 15-20 minutes) DNA molecule can be made with licorice as the backbone and mini marshmallows of different colours as the bases Can the kids have food in class? (Any allergies?) Playing a “CSI-style” mystery game (Time: 20-25 minutes) The class will be broken up into groups of 2-4 children. I will present the case, with suspects and the victim of the crime (I won’t choose a violent crime, something like a purse snatching!) There will be different stations where groups can get clues if they answer questions right about DNA.

DNA is made up of steps and rails of a ladder. This is a rail This is a step Green can only go with Red Purple can only go with Yellow