James Augustine Aloysius Joyce 2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941 By

James Joyce was Ireland’s best- known writer. He set the stage for the literature of the 20 th century, in much the same way Picasso set the stage for the art of the 20 th century. Many of his works included aspects from his own life. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (APAYM), published in 1916, was semi- autobiographical; the protagonist, Stephen Dedalus, underwent many of Joyce’s experiences. This timeline will draw parallels between Stephen’s life and Joyce’s life. Parallels

James Joyce was born on February 2, 1882 to a Roman Catholic family in the Dublin suburbs. He was the oldest of 10 surviving children; two of his siblings died of typhoid. Stephen Dedalus was also the oldest of many siblings. Joyce’s nickname as a baby was tuckoo. "Once upon a time and a very good time it was there was a moocow coming down along the road and this moocow that was coming down along the road met a nicens little boy named baby tuckoo....“ –APAYM, Chapter 1 The Beginning

James Joyce was educated by the Jesuit order at Clongowes Wood College, a boarding school which he attended from 1888 to He had to drop out when his father could no longer pay the fees. Similarly, Stephen Dedalus attended Clongowes for several years. The year his younger brother was about to join him at Clongowes, he had to drop out because of his family’s financial difficulties. “Stephen Dedalus Class of Elements Clongowes Wood College Sallins County Kildare Ireland Europe The World The Universe” – APAYM, Chapter 2 Clongowes

In 1893, Joyce was offered a place in the Jesuits' Dublin school, Belvedere College. The offer was made partly in the hope that he would join the Order and become a man of the cloth. Stephen also attended Belvedere after Clongowes. There, he conflicted with himself about his religious devotion. Both Joyce and Stephen ultimately rejected Catholicism by the age of 16. “The chill and order of the life repelled him. He saw himself rising in the cold of the morning and filing down with the others to early mass and trying vainly to struggle with his prayers against the fainting sickness of his stomach.” –APAYM, Chapter 4 Belvedere

Joyce enrolled at the University College Dublin in He studied modern languages, including English, French and Italian. He also became active in theatrical and literary circles in the city. He wrote a number of articles and at least two plays during this period. The University College Dublin was, for Stephen, a place of intellectual development where he realized he was destined to be an artist. His friends there were based on Joyce’s college friends. “Yes! Yes! Yes! He would create proudly out of the freedom and power of his soul, as the great artificer whose name he bore, a living thing new and soaring and beautiful, impalpable, imperishable.” –APAYM, Chapter 5 The University

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man portrayed Joyce’s emotional, spiritual, and intellectual development through. At the end of A Portrait of the Artist, Stephen realizes that he wants to leave Ireland forever. Joyce left Ireland himself in 1903 after graduation from University College Dublin. He went to Paris, where he worked in several occupations, including journalism and teaching. This is where the parallels between Joyce’s life and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man end. “Welcome, O life! I go to encounter for the millionth time the reality of experience and to forge in the smithy of my soul the uncreated conscience of my race.” –APAYM, Chapter 5 A New Beginning

Joyce did not leave Ireland forever at that point. He returned to Dublin, Ireland again in 1904 to see his mother at her deathbed. While in Dublin, he met Nora Barnacle. They formed a romantic relationship immediately, and soon afterwards, returned to Paris. Nora had their first son, Giorgio, there in In 1907, she had a another child, a daughter named Lucia. Joyce finally married Nora in 1931, 26 years after the birth of their first child. Family

Throughout his life, Joyce wrote many novels, short stories, and poems. His most famous novels include Ulysses, Dubliners, and Finnegans Wake. Exiles is his most famous book of poems. Ulysses, published in 1922, contributed to the development of 20th century modernist literature. The novel takes place in one day, with each of is 18 chapters covering about one hour of that day. Each chapter employs its own literary style and references Homer’s Odyssey. In addition, each chapter has its own color, body organ, and art or science. The book was highly controversial; so much so that English customs officials burned 500 copies of it. Writings

His wife Nora survived him by ten years. A Catholic priest wanted to hold a Mass service for him. Nora refused; she said, “I couldn’t do that to him.” Joyce, throughout his life, had eye problems and had to have ten major operations on his eyes. He was almost blind by the time of his death in After undergoing surgery for a perforated ulcer on January 11th, he went into a coma and died shortly afterwards. Health and Death

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