The Earth is made up of different layers. These are the crust, mantle, the outer core and the inner core. The thin outer layer is called the crust. (It is solid rock.) Underneath the crust there is a very thick, hot layer of liquid rock, called the mantle. The Earth’s middle is called the core. It is hot, runny metal on the outside and solid metal on the inside. The centre of the earth is the hottest part of our planet. Crus t Mantl e Inner core Outer core The magma (liquid rock) in the mantle bubbles and boils because of the heat from the underground layers. The pressure from the heat builds up therefore producing ash and gas. The magma gathers in the magma chamber. This pressure causes magma, ash and gas to force its way up through the vent. The magma explodes through the crater. When it reaches the surface, it is called lava. Finally, the lava is cooled and, as a result, hardens into volcanic rock. How do volcanoes erupt? They look just like a mountain... until they explode burying the country for miles around in hot ash and boiling lava. So, what is a volcano, and what causes them to be so destructive? A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust which allows magma, ash and gas to escapes from inside the Earth. As a result, the magma (lava) from the volcano may form a hill or mountain. They look just like a mountain... until they explode burying the country for miles around in hot ash and boiling lava. So, what is a volcano, and what causes them to be so destructive? A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust which allows magma, ash and gas to escapes from inside the Earth. As a result, the magma (lava) from the volcano may form a hill or mountain. What is the Earth made of?

Ash- small, fine particles of rock and glass created by a volcanic eruption. Crater- a deep hollow at the top of a volcano. Crust- the top layer of the Earth. Gas- a phase of matter with particles spreads out, so consequently fills the whole space it is in. Lava- melted rock that flows down the volcano. Liquid- a phases of matter that is runny and takes the shape of the bottom of the container it is held in. Magma- melted rock inside the Earth. Magma Chamber- a hollow in a volcano filled with gas-rich magma. Solid – a phrase of matter with particles close together. Its shape only changes with force. Vent- the channelway in a volcano where magma, ash and gas travels through to reach the surface.

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