Discovering the Universe A Multimedia Project by Dennis Culver Table of Contents Credits

Table of Contents Planets Stars Galaxies Moons Other

Planets Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto Comparison Graph

Mercury Mercury is the first planet from the Sun 36 million miles from the Sun The daytime temperature can get up to 800°F and -300°F at night Takes 88 days to go around the Sun Surface is rocky and covered in craters Back to Planets Menu

Venus Back to Planets Menu Venus is the second planet from the Sun 67 million miles from the Sun Daytime temperatures can reach 900°F Has strongly acidic rain Venus spins in the opposite direction of Earth A day is longer than a year on Venus Back to Planets Menu

Earth Earth is the third planet from the sun About 93 million miles from the Sun Only planet with liquid water Takes 365 days to revolve around sun Only planet that has life forms Back to Planets Menu

Mars The fourth planet from the Sun 142 million miles from the Sun Known as the Red Planet Takes 687 days to go around the sun The surface is very dusty and contains iron Back to Planets Menu

Jupiter The fifth planet from the Sun 483 million miles from the Sun The biggest planet in our solar system Made mostly of gas Famous for its “Red Spot,” which is actually a storm Over 1,000 Earths could fit inside it Back to Planets Menu

Saturn The sixth planet from the Sun 887 million miles from the Sun Has many visible rings made of dust and rock Nine times wider than Earth Made mostly of gas Back to Planets Menu

Uranus The seventh planet from the Sun 1,784 million miles from the Sun Has vertical rings Spins on it’s side Made mostly of gas Back to Planets Menu

Neptune The eighth planet from the Sun 2,800 million miles from the Sun Many storms on the surface Made mostly of gas Has the fastest winds of any planet in our solar system, reaching 1,200 miles per hour Back to Planets Menu

Pluto The ninth planet from the Sun 2,750-4,583 million miles from the Sun Smallest planet in our solar system Very cold surface Some say it is too small to be a planet Back to Planets Menu

Comparison Graph Back to Planets Menu

Stars Yellow Dwarf Red Dwarf Red Giant Blue Giant Super Giant White Dwarf Brown Dwarf Neutron Star

Yellow Dwarf Star The sun is a yellow dwarf Younger type of star One million Earths could fit into a star this size Extremely small compared to other stars Back to Stars Menu

Red Dwarf Star Most common type of star Small Very faint Cool surface temperature compared to other stars Back to Stars Menu

Red Giant Star Stars of this type are very old 20 times bigger than the sun Usually orange in color Much brighter than our sun Back to Stars Menu

Blue Giant Star A very huge star Very hot Burns helium, the type of gas in balloons Extremely bright Much of the light energy they give off cannot be seen by our eyes Back to Stars Menu

Super Giant Star Largest known type of star Some could be as large as our entire solar system Very rare Eventually become black holes Back to Stars Menu

White Dwarf Star Small and hot The remains of a red giant star About the size of Earth, but much heavier Very compacted star Back to Stars Menu

Brown Dwarf Star Not very bright Too small to create much energy Not very hot A smaller type of star Back to Stars Menu

Neutron Star Very compact stars About 12 miles wide Has same amount of mass as the sun Are created after a supernova occurs Can cause objects called pulsars Back to Stars Menu

Galaxies Spiral Active Irregular Lenticular Elliptical Cluster

Spiral Galaxies Our galaxy is a spiral galaxy A third of all galaxies are spiral Has two or more curved arms made of stars Contains billions of stars Back to Galaxies Menu

Elliptical Galaxies Shaped like an oval or circle Contain old red stars Stars are not as closely packed as other galaxies Many different sizes Back to Galaxies Menu

Irregular Galaxies No real shape Stars and other objects are scattered The smallest type of galaxy Caused by other nearby objects disturbing the gravity or by colliding galaxies Young galaxies Back to Galaxies Menu

Lenticular Galaxies Shaped like a lens Have little material inside them Contain older stars Similar to spiral galaxies, except no arms Back to Galaxies Menu

Active Galaxies Called active because they give off large amounts of energy Could have black holes at their centers Can give off radio, x-ray, and other waves Back to Galaxies Menu

Cluster Galaxies Contains many galaxies grouped together Can contain thousands of galaxies Filled with large clouds of hot gas Gives off x-rays Back to Galaxies Menu

Moons Earth’s Moon Mar’s Moons Jupiter’s Moons Pluto’s Moon Saturn’s Moons Uranus’ Moons Neptune’s Moons Comparison Graph

Earth’s Moon Earth’s only moon Revolves around the Earth Causes tides with Earth’s oceans Has several phases Covered in craters Back to Moons Menu

Mar’s Moons Phobos Deimos Back to Moons Menu

Jupiter’s Moons Adrastea Amathea Callisto Europa Io Ganymede Metis Thebe Lida Himalia Lysithea Elara Ananke Carme Pasiphae Sinope Many more Europa Callisto Ganymede Io Back to Moons Menu

Saturn’s Moons Atlas Calypso Dione Enceladus Epimetheus Helene Hyperion Iapetus Janus Mimas Pan Pandora Phobe Prometheus Titan Tethys Rhea Talesto Titan Rhea Back to Moons Menu

Uranus’ Moons Ariel Belinda Bianca Caliban Cordelia Cressida Desdemona Juliet Miranda Oberon Portia Puck Rosalind Sycorax Titania Umbriel Ophelia Ariel Miranda Back to Moons Menu

Neptune’s Moons Despina Galatea Larissa Naiad Nereid Proteus Thalassa Triton Triton Back to Moons Menu

Pluto’s Moon Charon Back to Moons Menu

Comparison Graph Back to Moons Menu

Other Black Holes Supernovas Asteroids Comets Nebulae

Black Holes Created when a star dies Has very strong gravity Sucks in objects and materials from space Not completely understood To see a video model of a black hole in action, click here (QuickTime needed) Back to Other Menu

Supernovas Occurs when a star runs out of fuel and dies Huge explosion Rare in our galaxy Huge amount of energy released To see a video model of a supernova, click here Back to Other Menu

Asteroids Big pieces of rock with minerals Form a belt between Mars and Jupiter Many different sizes and shapes Thousands in our solar system Back to Other Menu

Comets Made of dirty ice and dust Well known comet is Haley’s comet Are far away from the Sun most of the time Comets can have more than one tail Back to Other Menu

Nebulae Large clouds of dust and gas Caused by dying stars, what is left over Gives off light energy Can form many different shapes Back to Other Menu

Credits Pictures from: Back to Title Page Sun-http://www.kansaswindpower.net/Sun%20latest_eit_304_full-6-24.gif Mercury-http://gw.marketingden.com/planets/images/fullsize/mercury.jpg Venus-http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/public/venus.jpg Earth-http://www.astro.washington.edu/weblinks/Earth/earth.gif Mars-http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/world/images/mars.jpg Jupiter-http://gw.marketingden.com/planets/images/fullsize/jupiter.jpg Saturn-http://nexus.polaris.net/services/image-archive/space/saturn/saturn.jpg Uranus-http://gw.marketingden.com/planets/images/fullsize/uranus.jpg Neptune-http://gw.marketingden.com/planets/images/fullsize/neptune.jpg Pluto-http://gw.marketingden.com/planets/images/fullsize/pluto.jpg Back to Title Page

Credits Pictures from: Back to Title Page Planets-http://gw.marketingden.com/planets/images/fullsize/pluto.jpg Moon-http://www.astrosurf.com/re/moon-03.jpg Galaxy(title page)-http://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/images/d6/m31x.jpg Stars-http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~rhill/alpo/images/stars.jpg Black hole-http://www.ohiou.edu/researchnews/info/gallery/images/miscellaneous/BLACKHOLE.jpg Supernova-http://nexus.polaris.net/services/image-archive/space/interstellar/supernova.jpg Universe(title page)-http://www.twosteptidewater.com/photo-album/universe.jpg Back to Title Page

Credits Pictures from: Back to Title Page Red giant-http://www.sciam.com/media/inline/00016086-7CBA-1C72-9EB7809EC588F2D7_arch1.gif Supergiant-http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/0012/supergiantsim_freytag.jpg White dwarf-http://library.thinkquest.org/12523/media/Star_WD.gif Brown dwarf-http://aspire.cosmic-ray.org/labs/star_life/images/browndwarf.jpg Neutron star-http://zhengjian.org/news_images/2002-11-24-neutronstar2.jpg Spiral galaxy-http://www.spacetoday.org/images/DeepSpace/Telescopes/GreatObservatories/SIRTF/M81spiralgalaxySpitzer.jpg Back to Title Page

Credits Pictures from: Back to Title Page Elliptical galaxy-http://www.geocities.com/newastronomy/Chapter13_files/image004.jpg Active galaxy-http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/2000/37/images/a/formats/web.jpg Irregular galaxy-http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~jmi/images/ngc6822.jpg Lenticular galaxy-http://mt.sopris.net/mpc/biol/v/lenticular.galaxy.jpg Cluster galaxy-http://www.exn.ca/news/images/1998/01/12/19980112-galaxycluster.gif Black hole-http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/screen/heic0409a.jpg Asteroid-http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/hires/gal_0202562000.gif Comet-http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/news/comet/Ikeya-Zhang.jpg Nebula-http://archives.cnn.com/2001/TECH/space/02/01/hubble.ant.nebula/large.ant.nebula.jpg Back to Title Page

Credits Pictures from: Back to Title Page Phobos-http://www.sai.msu.su/ng/solar/mars/mar_sat/fobos/phobos.jpg Deimos-http://gw.marketingden.com/planets/images/fullsize/deimos.jpg Callisto-http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/callisto3_gal_big.jpg Europa-http://www.morgenster.org/foto/europa.jpg Ganymede-http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/faculty/barnes/ast110/gwas/ganymede.jpg Io-http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/outerp/io-enh.gif Titan-http://evula.org/solarsystem/Resources/Titan.gif Rhea-http://www.planetary.org/saturn/images/sc5km_rhea.jpg Ariel-http://www.lowell.edu/online_newsletter/spring_03/ariel.jpg Miranda-http://www.nasm.si.edu/research/ceps/etp/uranus/uranimg/URAN_P29524.jpg Triton-http://www.wcsscience.com/neptune/triton.JPG Back to Title Page

Credits Back to Title Page Information from: http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/b/bl/blue_giant.htm http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/stars/startypes.shtml Supernova video-http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/snr.html Black Hole video-http://www.spaceref.com/tools/vi.html?id=139&cat=blackholes&imgs=movie Miles, Lisa and Smith, Alastair. The Usborne Internet Linked Book of Astronomy and Space. Usborne Publishing Ltd. : London, 2001. Ridpath, Ian. Astronomy: How We View Our Solar System and The Universe Beyond. W.H. Smith Publishers: New York, 1991. Back to Title Page