Chapter 4-1

Chapter 4-2 Database Management Systems Overview  Not a database  Separate software system Functions  Enables users to utilize database information more efficiently Examples  Access, Alpha 5, dQuery, Lotus Approach

Chapter 4-3 Introduction to Microsoft Access A popular relational database Used by many businesses and individuals Used for small database applications

Chapter 4-4 Microsoft Access – Opening Screen

Chapter 4-5 Creating Database Tables – Defining Record Format Field Name  Names assigned to the data fields Data Type  Specified for each data field  Identifies how to store the data – field properties Description  Optional field  Defines record structures

Chapter 4-6 Creating Database Tables – Opening Screen

Chapter 4-7 Creating Database Tables – Record Format

Chapter 4-8 Creating Relationships Purpose  Link tables together  Enable users to create multi-table reports Steps in Creating Relationships  Select tables  Link the tables

Chapter 4-9 Creating Database Relationships – Linking Tables

Chapter 4-10 Creating Relationships – Multitable Relationships

Chapter 4-11 Creating Records Utilize datasheet view to input data

Chapter 4-12 Data Validation Data Definition Language (DDL)  Enables users to define record structure  Define individual fields of each record (text, date, number, etc.) by size and if required Example

Chapter 4-13 Tools for Data Validation Proper Data Types for Fields  Only accept letters or numbers or dates Input Masks  Limit data to specific formats (e.g. SSN XXX- XX-XXXX or telephone number XXX-XXX- XXXX) Default Values  Data fields of new records (city resident must have zip of 99324)

Chapter 4-14 Tools for Data Validation Drop-Down Lists (e.g. alumni database, type of industry in which alum works) Validation Rules  Create rules than limit range of values that may be entered Referential Integrity  Deleting of information disallowed when it would disrupt references

Chapter 4-15 Drop-Down List Example

Chapter 4-16 Validation Rule Example

Chapter 4-17 Creating Referential Integrity

Chapter 4-18 All of the following are examples of DBMSs except: A. Access B. Oracle C. DB2 D. SQL Study Break #1

Chapter 4-19 All of the following are examples of DBMSs except: A. Access B. Oracle C. DB2 D. SQL Study Break #1 - Answer

Chapter 4-20 An example of a validation rule is: A. An input value must be an integer B. An input value must also have a default value C. An input value must be between 0 and 40 D. You cannot delete parent records that have child records associated with them Study Break #2

Chapter 4-21 An example of a validation rule is: A. An input value must be an integer B. An input value must also have a default value C. An input value must be between 0 and 40 D. You cannot delete parent records that have child records associated with them Study Break #2 - Answer

Chapter 4-22 Tips for Creating Database Tables and Records Design first  Create tables and records last Name tables systematically  Use conventional tbl prefixes Use mnemonic names for data fields Assign correct data types to data fields

Chapter 4-23 Tips for Creating Database Tables and Records Data fields that link tables must be the same data type Limit the size of text data fields to reasonable lengths Use input masks

Chapter 4-24 Extracting Data From Databases Schema  All information in a database  All relationships of the tables  Map of entire database Subschema  Subset of the schema

Chapter 4-25 Creating Select Queries Queries  Create customized subschemas Dynaset  Dynamic subset of a database  Created by queries  Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Chapter 4-26 Query Example

Chapter 4-27 Creating Select Queries One-Table Select Queries  Creates a dynaset  Based on:  Criteria determining which records to include  Criteria determining which fields to include from those records  Single or Multiple Criteria

Chapter 4-28 Select Query Example

Chapter 4-29 Multi-Table Select Query Example

Chapter 4-30 Multi-Table Select Query Example

Chapter 4-31 Creating Action Queries Delete queries Append queries Sum a column Update queries Make-table queries

Chapter 4-32 Query Wizard Queries Simple query Wizard Crosstab queries Find-Duplicates queries Find-unmatched queries

Chapter 4-33 Query Wizard Screen

Chapter 4-34 Guidelines for Creating Queries Spell accurately and be case sensitive Specify AND and OR operations correctly Tables must be joined properly Name queries systematically Choose data fields selectively

Chapter 4-35 Extracting Data From Databases Structured Query Language (SQL) Example of SQL Instructions

Chapter 4-36 Extracting Data From Databases Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)  Complex, multidimensional data analysis  Pivot tables Data Mining  Utilize a set of data analysis and statistical tools  Identify relationships, patterns, or trends

Chapter 4-37 Data Mining Analytical tools for detecting trends or relationships among seemingly uncorrelated data Used in:  Marketing (promotions, ads, etc.)  Auditing & criminal/terrorist investigations (connecting the dots) Software examples: Darwin (Oracle); Intelli Miner (IBM)

Chapter 4-38 Cloud Computing Form of Internet-based Computing  Software provided through the Internet  Processing occurs on a Web of computers  Expands IT capabilities Database-As-A-Service (DAAS)  Outsourcing of databases Backup Services

Chapter 4-39 Data Warehouses Multiple databases stored in one system Enables efficient use of data to pinpoint customer needs, etc.; helps generate ROI Difficult to collect and store diverse info in a consistent and useful way; can be very costly Characteristics needed  Free of errors (scrub or clean data)  Defined uniformly (normalize & standardize)  Span long timeframe (> than transaction system)

Chapter 4-40 All of the following are examples of action queries except: A. Update query B. Append query C. Delete query D. Find missing data query Study Break #3

Chapter 4-41 All of the following are examples of action queries except: A. Update query B. Append query C. Delete query D. Find missing data query Study Break #3 - Answer

Chapter 4-42 SQL is an example of: A. A tool to perform online analytical processing B. A database management system C. A query language D. A multimedia database Study Break #4

Chapter 4-43 SQL is an example of: A. A tool to perform online analytical processing B. A database management system C. A query language D. A multimedia database Study Break #4 - Answer