Ch. 15 Glaciers.

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Presentation transcript:

Ch. 15 Glaciers

How are a river and glacier the SAME, DIFFERENT?

Compare a River to a Glacier Fast flow Liquid: rain or snow <1% of hydrosphere Anywhere on earth warm climates Living things Low elevation People can pollute Slow flow Solid ice (firn) 10% of hydrosphere Poles or high elevations Cold climates (year-round) No living things in them Larger in size H2O hydrosphere Fresh water Gravity pulls Transport materials Erodes valleys Tributaries Change over time Level/size changes

The hydrologic cycle

The Earth’s Water Cycle Salt water Fresh water

So What is a Glacier? A thick mass of ice that forms over land from the compaction and recrystallization of SNOW and shows evidence of past or present flow

Glaciers Facts Cover 10% of Earth’s land 75% of earth’s FRESH water!!!!!!!! Glaciers change land by eroding, transporting and moving huge amounts of sediment. Glaciers are part of both the Water Cycle & Rock Cycle.

Parts of a Glacier Zone of wasteage snowline Melting, sublimation Crevasses snowline Melting, sublimation Ice front icebergs

What is the Snowline (Equilibrium line) Definition: (page 318) The lowest elevation with permanent snow occurs in the summer

Where is Earth’s largest glacier...

???????? Can glaciers form in tropical regions?

Where glaciers can form… North and south poles. Cold climate year-round High elevations in mountains. Exist on all continents except Australia.

Mt. Kilimanjaro, Africa Latitude: 3 Mt. Kilimanjaro, Africa Latitude: 3.07 degrees South of Equator Elevation: 19,335 feet

Elevation of the snowline (glaciers formation) decreases as the latitude increases Can Illinois have Glaciers? Pg. 318

Types of glaciers pg.318-19 Continental Alpine or Valley Where? Size/shape? How many?

Continental Glaciers Covers large landmasses like Antarctica and Greenland. Can be a mile thick in places. Mostly circular or oval in shape Spreads out in all directions Also called an ice sheet Some places the ice reaches the sea and can break off into icebergs.

Antarctica Earth’s largest continental glacier

In Continental Glaciers the weight of the accumulating snow pushes the glacier out in all directions like pancake batter http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072402466/student_view0/chapter12/animations_and_movies.html#

Greenland ice sheet

Valley glaciers hundreds of small glaciers found high in the mountains where streams once ran. Also called “Alpine” glaciers. They flow slowly downhill between valley walls. They also have tributaries like streams or rivers.

Piedmont When a valley glacier emerges from the confining walls of a mountain valley and spread out into broad sheets. Alluvial fan of sediment

As glaciers move over bumps and uneven land, crevasses form They form in the brittle, top as 50 meters!

Crevasses Fissures or cracks that form across the width of a glacier. http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072402466/student_view0/chapter12/animations_and_movies.html#

Calving Cows have calves, glaciers calve icebergs Calving is when chunks of ice break off at the terminus, or end, of a glacier. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ddymllsBuDg

Ross Ice Shelf

Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica is a huge ice sheet “floating” out on top of the more dense Pacific Ocean salt water

If a glacier is NOT a frozen river, NOT a pile of snow What is a glacier made of and how does it form?

Anatomy of a glacier (snow) In a glacial valley Snow line Ice front /snout http://ees.as.uky.edu/sites/default/files/elearning/module13swf.swf

(90% air spaces) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wNOrFy17WE&feature=related

As snow layers pile-up year after year, What happens to air space and density of the snow?

So how do you make a glacier? More SNOW falls in the winter than melts in the summer. 2. Layers of snow accumulate year after year (above the snowline) The snow COMPACTS and RE-CRYSTALIZES into FIRN FIRN turns into solid Glacial Ice Then… the mass moves, slowly down hill due to gravity.

On a sheet of paper: True or False? _____ 1. Glaciers are only at the north and south poles. _____ 2. A glacier is solid ice. _____3. Antarctica is covered by a glacier. _____4. There could never be a glacier at the equator. _____5. All glaciers move. _____6. Glaciers flatten the land. _____7. When glaciers melt they back up. _____8. Glaciers can carve out valleys. _____9. The Great Lakes were formed by glaciers _____ 10. There has been one Ice Age .