Poisonous Plants S. David Baker, R.Ph., CSPI Central Texas Poison Control Center Scott & White Memorial Hospital

Oxalate Containing Plants F Rhubarb F Dieffenbachia F Caladium F Philodendron F Oxalis F Calla Lily F Jack-in-the-pulpit F Others

Rhubarb

Dieffenbachia

Dieffenbachia

Philodendron

Jack-in-the-pulpit

Oxalate F Needle like crystals F Edema of mouth, tongue, and throat F Ingestion of larger quantities can lead to multi-organ damage. Renal, Hepatic, Myocardial, Brain, and GI

Cardiac Glycoside Plants F Oleander F Lily of the Valley F Foxglove

Oleander

Oleander

Lily of the Valley

Foxglove

Cardiac Glycoside Plants F Just like Digoxin F Bradycardia with AV block F Hypotension F Lethargy F Dizziness F GI upset

Solanine containing Plants F Potato F Black Nightshade F Jerusalem Cherry

Potato

Black Nightshade

Jerusalem Cherry

Solanine F N / V / D, headache F Drowsiness F Coma F Onset hours F Duration - up to 3 days F Plants can also be anticholinergics

Anticholinergic Plants F Belladona F Datura –Angel’s Trumpet –Jimson weed –Thorn Apple F Henbane

Belladonna

Jimson Weed

Jimson Weed Seeds

Henbane

Anticholinergics F Hyperthermia, flushing F Dry mucus membranes F Mydriasis F Tachycardia F Decreased GI motility F Urinary retention F Delirium, hallucinations, CNS depression

Cyanogenic Glycosides F Almond F Peach F Plum F Cherry F Apple F Clover F Others

Cyanogenic

Cyanogenic Glycosides F Usually only a problem if you make a meal out of them F seeds are not a problem F Enzymatic breakdown in GI leads to toxicity F Onset 30 minutes to 2 hours F Respiratory distress, syncope, coma, seizures follow GI symptoms.

Other Plants F Castor Beans F Rosary Beans F Poinsetta F Ganja F Lantana F Nicotiana F Poison Ivy

Castor Bean Plant

Castor Beans

Rosary bean

Castor Bean Toxicity Rosary Bean Toxicity F Beans are very hard and only toxic if chewed F GI effects within 6 hours, cause gastric lesions, looks like alkaline burns F days after exposure - cytotoxic effects - Liver, Kidney, Brain

Poinsettia

Poinsettia F Causes severe stomach irritation F Lots of Nausea and Vomiting F Not considered toxic F Dehydration F Electrolyte imbalances

GanjaGanjaGanjaGanja

Lantana

Lantana F Unripe berries are the most toxic F Lantadene - atropine like substance F Anticholinergic poisoning

Nicotiana tabacum

Nicotine F GI upset - N / V F Onset in minutes F Duration hours F Increase in heart rate and blood pressure then irregular pulse and hypotension F Tremors and seizures

Poison Ivy

Other plants F Water Hemlock F Poke Weed

Water Hemlock

F Mydriasis F Tachycardia F Seizures - Onset 5 minutes to 2 hours F Salivation, gastritis, diarrhea, emesis F Rhabdomyolysis, and renal failure F Metabolic acidosis F Strychnine like substance

Poke Weed

Poke weed F Mostly GI effects F Onset 30 minutes to 5 hours F Duration - 1 to 48 hours F Headache F Weakness F Seizures F Coma