Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

Topic: Cell theory EQ: What are the parts of the cell theory?

What is a cell? A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

Who first discovered cells? Robert Hooke discovered the first cells. He built the first microscope. He then viewed cork from an oak tree. This is what he saw. He thought they looked like the little rooms, so he called them “cells”

What part did microscopes play? Microscopes allowed scientists to see cells and other things that were too small to be seen with just their eyes.

Time passed on…. Better microscopes were built and other scientists began to look for cells in other places………. After many, many observations a theory was made…..called The Cell Theory

Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope.

Cell Theory The three principles of the cell theory: 1. All living things are made up of cells. 2. The cell is the smallest of all life 3. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

ISN 52 Create a Cell Theory Bubble map

Topic: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

2 Basic Types of Cells Prokaryotes (prokaryotic cells) Cells that DO NOT have a nucleus Examples: bacteria Eukaryotes (eukaryotic cells) Cells that DO have a nucleus and other organelles Examples: plant cells and animal cells

Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic DNA: free-floating, not surrounded by a membrane Organelles: Not many organelles Level of organization: One-celled (unicellular) Size: small http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

Eukaryotic Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

Eukaryotic Cells DNA: surrounded by a membrane Organelles: Many specialized parts Level of Organization: Multicellular: plants, fungi, animals, and protists Size: larger

Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

Homework

Types of Cells http://www-class.unl.edu/bios201a/spring97/group6

“Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

“Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

Cell Parts Organelles

Topic: Cell Organelles (Shape and movement EQ: Explain the function of the 7 cell organelles.

Shape and movement Parts of a cell have unique functions. A cell is made up of different structures that keep it alive. They each have a different job.

What is an organelle? An organelle is a part of the cell that has a specific job. They are little organs or parts inside of a cell.

What is the Nucleus? Directs cell activities (Boss of the cell) Contains genetic material – DNA Found in Plant and Animal Cells

What is the cell membrane? Flexible covering Protects and controls movement in and out of the cell Found in plant & animal cells. It only allows certain materials to pass (selectively permeable) http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

What is a cell wall? Only in plants A stiff structure outside the cell membrane. Adds support & helps the plant keep its shape. http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

What is the cytoskeleton? A network of threadlike proteins that are joined together and help give the cell its shape and help it move.

Cut out table on pg. 65 and glue in your ISN 56 Directions Cut out table on pg. 65 and glue in your ISN 56

Movement of materials in a cell EQ: Explain the function of the 7 cell organelles.

How do materials move in and out of the cell? Two processes: A. Diffusion B. Osmosis

What is Cytoplasm? A fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules. Surrounded by cell membrane

What is diffusion? The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Diffusion moves ALL KINDS of materials in/out of cells

What does diffusion look like? http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_diffusion_works.html

What is osmosis? The diffusion of water molecules through a membrane This process refers to transferring only WATER in/out of cells

What does osmosis look like?

Why is osmosis and diffusion important? Both of these processes allows for things the cell need (water, nutrients, etc.) to get in and wastes have a way to leave out.

Double-Bubble What is diffusion? What is osmosis? Where did you get this information? osmosis diffusion

Topic: Cells Energy and Storage EQ: Explain the function of the 7 cell organelles

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Mitochondria Nickname: “The Powerhouse” Function: Energy formation Breaks down food to make ATP ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Vacuoles Function: stores water Only in plant cells This is what makes lettuce crisp When there is no water, the plant wilts

Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Cell Membrane Section 7-2 Vacuole Cell Membrane Go to Section:

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Chloroplasts Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment Found only in plant cells

Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Go to Section:

Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials around in cell Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates Controls level of water and other materials in cell Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Contains water solution Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html