Human Trafficking: A Different Kind of Victim DCC Iain Livingstone, Crime and Operational Support

Introduction Police Scotland – a new National Force Combating Human Trafficking. What's changed? A different kind of victim Case studies Conclusion

Policing Scotland Area of 28,168 square miles Population of 5.4 million people 17,300 Police Officers, 6500 Police Staff, 1,300 Special Constables Annual budget of £1.1 billion Estate of 850 police buildings Second largest force in UK Purpose – Improve the safety and wellbeing of people, places and communities in Scotland Focus – Keeping people safe

Legacy Structure

Need for Change Driven by… Inefficiencies; Duplication; Bureaucracy; Austerity; Accountability.

Programme Stages Objectives of Reform To protect and improve local services despite financial cuts; To create more equal access to specialist support and national capacity; To strengthen the connection between services and communities.

ACC Local Policing North ACC C Thomson ACC Local Policing East ACC M McCormick ACC Local Policing West ACC W Mawson ACC Operational Support Division ACC B Higgins ACC Org.Crime CT& Safer Comm. ACC R Nicolson ACC Major Crime and Public Protection ACC M Graham Chief Constable Sir Stephen House DCC Local Policing DCC R Fitzpatrick DCC Crime and Operational Support DCC I Livingstone DCC Designate DCC N Richardson DCC Commonwealth Games and Major Events DCC S Allen Director Finance Mrs J Murray Director ICT Mr M Leven Director HR Mr J Gillies Director Corp’ Services Mrs S Mitchellll

14 Divisions Key: Division 1 Aberdeen City Division 2 Aberdeenshire and Moray Division 3 Tayside Division 4 Highland and Islands Division 5 Forth Valley Division 6 Edinburgh City Division 7 The Lothians and Scottish Borders Division 8 Fife Division 9 Glasgow Division 10 Ayrshire Division 11 Lanarkshire Division 12 Argyll and Bute & West Dunbartonshire Division 13 Renfrewshire and Inverclyde Division 14 Dumfries and Galloway

Specialist Crime Division Governance Deputy Chief Constable Iain Livingstone Crime & Operational Support Assistant Chief Constable Malcolm Graham Major Crime & Public Protection Assistant Chief Constable Ruaraidh Nicolson Organised Crime, Counter Terrorism & Safer Communities Public Protection & Divisional Crime Major Crime Intelligence Support Support, Co- ordination & Safer Communities Organised Crime & Counter Terrorism

Legacy Structure - Trafficking ACPO(S) Lead – Serious and Organised Crime Strathclyde Vice and Trafficking Unit SCDEA – Human Trafficking Co-ordination Unit ACPO(S) Strategic & Tactical Groups Eight different force priorities

Human Trafficking – what's changed? Police Scotland Strategic Group Police Scotland Tactical Group Police Scotland Partners Group National Human Trafficking Unit 14 Divisional Human Trafficking Champions

National Human Trafficking Unit Public Protection Unit Scottish Crime Campus, Gartcosh Specialist Crime Departments Partner Law Enforcement Agencies

Resources Victim Care Strategy e-learning package Standard Operating Procedure Human Trafficking Handbook Interview Strategies

Commonwealth Games 2014 Action Plan Intelligence Requirement No increase in trafficking Increase in enquiries

Human Trafficking April 2014 – NHTU Statistics 73 Incidents 17 Crimes (some outwith Scotland) 6 Reports submitted (Police Scotland)

Different Kind of Victim Difficulties include: Language Geography Vulnerability Fear Traumatisation

Victims encountered Don’t want to enter the NRM Don’t wish support services assistance Don’t see themselves as victims of trafficking Legally in UK BUT - They are a victim of a crime

Victim Vulnerability Debt Bonded Alcohol or drug dependent Mental health issues Vulnerable due to age Homeless Jobless Legal or illegal migrant Can’t speak english

EU Directive 2011/36 Article 8 – “member states shall take all necessary steps to ensure that they are entitled not to prosecute or impose penalties on victims of trafficking”

Romanian Female victim Engaged as prostitute Working in flat Police attend, due to complaints Male has paid for flights, adverts and rented flat The female is a victim

Op Zelezny Vulnerable males recruited Poor pay No health & safety equipment Living on site No access to medical assistance Did not see themselves as victims

Cannabis Cultivation Premises discovered Vietnamese nationals detained No identity documents Reports to be under 18 No social work age assessment Police Report submitted to COPFS Appropriate remarks in Report NRM forms completed

Conclusion Legal and moral duty Identify and support victims Partnership Working International Engagement New approach in Police Scotland, focused, victim centered