Content will be integrated with the cross cutting concepts and science and engineering practice to develop the standards. Content are the core disciplinary content such as forces and cells. Science and engineering practices are the practices used to understand and research scientific principles such as posing questions, designing investigations, developing scientific explanations, and constructing and using models. Cross-cutting concepts are concepts that connect the various branches of science such as systems, form and function, and cause and effect. The final standards will give teachers, curriculum and assessment developers, and administrators guidance in how to blend practices and content and will lend itself to full and more seamless integration. Examples (not prescriptions) will include designing investigation, developing, constructing, and using models, and asking critical questions.

NGSS Goals: Be able to apply the three Dimensions of A Framework for K-12 Science Education in your classroom. Understand the structure and content of the Next Generation Science Standards. Be able to implement NGSS and develop NGSS curriculum.

NGSS Topics Framework – Three Dimensions Science & Engineering Practices Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs) Multiple Modalities with Practices Disciplinary Core Ideas Next Generation Science Standards Nature of Science (NOS) Appendices & Resources ELA Literacy Connections/Strategies

How familiar are you with the Framework and NGSS? Levels of Experience How familiar are you with the Framework and NGSS?

Current State of Science Standards Science documents are about 15 years old! National Research Council’s National Science Education Standards were published in 1996 American Association for the Advancement of Science’s Benchmarks for Science Literacy were published in 1993 Call for new, internationally-benchmarked standards Students in the U.S. have been outperformed on international assessments such as TIMSS and PISA Too few students are entering STEM majors and careers Need for solid expectations and goals to prepare students for these fields

The case for scientific literacy? so pretty i never knew mars had a sun

The case for scientific literacy? “To be scientifically literate is to empower yourself to know when someone else is full of bullsh#%.” - Neil deGrasse Tyson

Building on the Past; Preparing for the Future Phase II: States Write the NGSS Based on Phase I Phase I: Getting the Science Right 1/2010 - 7/2011 1990s-2009 7/2010 – 3/2013

Process for Development of Next Generation Science Standards States and other key stakeholders engaged in the development and review of the new college and career ready science standards State Led Process Writing Teams Critical Stakeholder Team Achieve managed the development process NRC Study Committee members to checked the fidelity of standards based on framework and verified that it does indeed accomplish framework goals.

Lead State Partners

Principles of the Framework There are two key points that are important to understand: First: focus and coherence must be a priority, K-12 Second: the progressions in the NGSS automatically assume that previous material has been learned by the student. First, focus and coherence must be a priority. What this means to teachers and curriculum developers is that the same ideas or details are not covered each year. Rather, a progression of knowledge occurs from grade band to grade band that gives students the opportunity to learn more complex material, leading to an overall understanding of science by the end of high school. Historically, science education was taught as a set of disjointed and isolated facts. The Framework and the NGSS provide a more coherent progression aimed at overall scientific literacy with instruction focused on a smaller set of ideas, but with an eye on what the student should have already learned and what they will learn at the next level.  Second, the progressions in the NGSS automatically assume that previous material has been learned by the student. Choosing to omit content at any grade level or band will impact the success of the student toward understanding the core ideas and puts additional responsibilities on teachers later in the process.

Principles of the Framework The vision represented in the Framework is new in that students must be engaged at the nexus of the three dimensions: 1. Science and Engineering Practices 2. Crosscutting Concepts 3. Disciplinary Core Ideas Currently, most state and district standards express these dimensions as separate entities, leading to their separation in both instruction and assessment. Given the importance of science and engineering in the 21st century, students require a sense of contextual understanding with regard to scientific knowledge, how it is acquired and applied, and how science is connected through a series of concepts that help further our understanding of the world around us. Student performance expectations have to include a student’s ability to apply a practice to content knowledge, thereby focusing on understanding and application as opposed to memorization of facts devoid of context. The Framework goes on to emphasize that: “…learning about science and engineering involves integration of the knowledge of scientific explanations (i.e., content knowledge) and the practices needed to engage in scientific inquiry and engineering design. Thus the framework seeks to illustrate how knowledge and practice must be intertwined in designing learning experiences in K–12 science education.”2

Principles of the Framework Science and Engineering Practices and Crosscutting Concepts should not be taught in a vacuum; they should always be integrated with multiple core concepts throughout the year. Use common language across disciplines to help students recognize concepts in different content areas. It is essential to understand that the emphasis placed on a particular Science and Engineering Practice or Crosscutting Concept in a performance expectation is not intended to limit instruction, but to make clear the intent of the assessments. An example of this is best illustrated in two performance expectations in high school physical sciences. The practice of modeling is a significant change on its own. Models are basically used for three reasons; 1) to represent or describe, 2) to collect data, or 3) to predict. The first use is typical in schools since models and representations are usually synonymous. However, the use of models to collect data or to predict phenomena is new, for example: Construct models to explain changes in nuclear energies during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay and the nuclear interactions that determine nuclear stability. and Use system models (computer or drawings) to construct molecular-level explanations to predict the behavior of systems where a dynamic and condition-dependent balance between a reaction and the reverse reaction determines the numbers of all types of molecules present. In the first performance expectation, models are used with nuclear processes to explain changes. A scientific explanation requires evidence to support the explanation, so students will be called upon to construct a model for the purpose of gathering evidence to explain these changes. Additionally, they will be required to use models to both explain and predict the behavior of systems in equilibrium. Again, the models will have to be used to collect data, but they will be further validated in their ability to predict the state of a system. In both cases, students will need a deep understanding of the content, as well as proficiency in the ability to construct and use models for various applications. The practice of modeling will need to be taught throughout the year—and indeed throughout the entire K–12 experience—as opposed to during one two-week unit of instruction. The goal of the NGSS is to be clear about which practice students are responsible for in terms of assessment, but these practices and crosscutting concepts should occur throughout each school year.

Principles of the Framework The NGSS Focus on Deeper Understanding and Application of Content. The Framework identified a smaller set of Disciplinary Core Ideas that students should know by the time they graduate from high school and the NGSS are written to focus on the same. 3 It is important that teachers and curriculum/assessment developers understand that the focus is on the core ideas—not necessarily the facts that are associated with them. The facts and details are important evidence, but not the sole focus of instruction. The Framework states, “The core ideas also can provide an organizational structure for the acquisition of new knowledge. Understanding the core ideas and engaging in the scientific and engineering practices helps to prepare students for broader understanding, and deeper levels of scientific and engineering investigation, later on—in high school, college, and beyond. One rationale for organizing content around core ideas comes from studies comparing experts and novices in any field. Experts understand the core principles and theoretical constructs of their field, and they use them to make sense of new information or tackle novel problems. Novices, in contrast, tend to hold disconnected and even contradictory bits of knowledge as isolated facts and struggle to find a way to organize and integrate them [24]. The assumption, then, is that helping students learn the core ideas through engaging in scientific and engineering practices will enable them to become less like novices and more like experts.”4

Principles of the Framework Science Concepts Build Coherently Across K–12 The focus on a few Disciplinary Core Ideas is a key aspect to a coherent science education. The Framework identified a basic set of core ideas that are meant to be understood by the time a student completes high school. To develop a thorough understanding of scientific explanations of the world, students need sustained opportunities to work with and develop the underlying ideas and to appreciate those ideas’ interconnections over a period of years rather than weeks or months [1]. This sense of development has been conceptualized in the idea of learning progressions [1, 25, 26]. If mastery of a core idea in a science discipline is the ultimate educational destination, then well-designed learning progressions provide a map of the routes that can be taken to reach that destination. Such progressions describe both how students’ understanding of the idea matures over time and the instructional supports and experiences that are needed for them to make progress.”3

Principles of the Framework

Principles of the Framework Let’s Take a Closer Look at the Framework: Helen Download the PDF for free at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=13165

A Framework for K-12 Science Education Table of Contents p. vii

A Framework for K-12 Science Education Overview of the Framework p. 3

What is the Framework for K-12 Science Education? p. 8 By framework we mean a broad description of the content and sequence of learning expected of all students by the completion of high school—but not at the level of detail of grade-by-grade standards or, at the high school level, course descriptions and standards. Instead, as this document lays out, the framework is intended as a guide to standards developers as well as for curriculum designers, assessment developers, state and district science administrators, professionals responsible for science teacher education, and science educators working in informal settings.

A Framework for K-12 Science Education Vision p. 8-9 K–12 Science Education Should Reflect the Real World Interconnections in Science. “The framework is designed to help realize a vision for education in the sciences and engineering in which students, over multiple years of school, actively engage in scientific and engineering practices and apply crosscutting concepts to deepen their understanding of the core ideas in these fields.”

A Framework for K-12 Science Education Two Goals p. 10

A Framework for K-12 Science Education The framework and any standards that will be based on it make explicit the goals around which a science education system should be organized. The committee recognizes, however, that the framework and subsequent standards will not lead to improvements in K-12 science education unless the other components of the system—curriculum, instruction, professional development, and assessment— change so that they are aligned with the framework’s vision. Thus the framework and standards are necessary but not sufficient to support the desired improvements. In Chapter 10, we address some of the challenges inherent in achieving such alignment. K-12 Alignment p. 19-20 Curriculum Instruction Professional Development Assessment

A Framework for K-12 Science Education Research Base p. 23-28 Children are born investigators Understanding builds over time Science and Engineering require both knowledge and practice Connecting to students’ interests and experiences is essential Focusing on core ideas and practices Promoting equity

A Framework for K-12 Science Education Development of Core Ideas p. 31

A Framework for K-12 Science Education Dimension 1 Scientific and Engineering Practices p. 41-82 Sections: Why Practices? Understanding How Scientists Work How the Practices are Integrated into Inquiry and Design How Engineering and Science Differ The Eight Practices

A Framework for K-12 Science Education Crosscutting Concepts Dimension 2 Crosscutting Concepts pp. 83-102 Crosscutting Concepts: Patterns Cause & Effect Scale, Proportion, & Quantity Systems & System Models Energy & Matter Structure & Function Stability & Change

A Framework for K-12 Science Education Core Ideas & Components Dimension 3 Core Ideas & Components pp. 103-214 Physical Sciences – p. 103 Life Sciences – p. 139 Earth & Space Sciences - p. 169 Engineering, Technology, & Applications of Science – p. 201

A Framework for K-12 Science Education Realizing the Vision pp. 217- 295 Integrating the Dimensions – p. 217 Sample Performance Expectations – p.220 Implementation (Curriculum, Instruction, P.D. and Assessment) – p. 241 Equity & Diversity – p. 277

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Dimension 1: Scientific & Engineering Practices – p. 41 Asking questions (for science) and defining problems (for engineering) Developing and using models Planning and carrying out investigations Analyzing and interpreting data Using mathematics and computational thinking Constructing explanations (for science) and designing solutions (for engineering) Engaging in argument from evidence Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information Helen

Scientific & Engineering Practices Activity: Read Practice & discuss with your “team” On chart : 1. Fill in the boxes as you discuss. 2. Use extra space to list questions, concerns, or needs. 3. List new shifts in instruction. 4. What are some classroom strategies?

Understanding How Scientists Work Sooooooooo, what does this mean for the ol’………

Dimension 2: Crosscutting Concepts - p. 83 Patterns Cause & Effect Scale, Proportion, & Quantity Systems & System Models Energy & Matter Structure & Function Stability & Change The idea of integrating technology and engineering into science standards is not new. Chapters on the nature of technology and the human-built world were included in Science for All Americans (AAAS 1989) and Benchmarks for Science Literacy (AAAS 1993, 2008). Standards for “Science and Technology” were included for all grade spans in the National Science Education Standards (NRC 1996). Despite these early efforts, however, engineering and technology have not received the same level of attention in science curricula, assessments, or the education of new science teachers as the traditional science disciplines have. A significant difference in the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) is the integration of engineering and technology into the structure of science education by raising engineering design to the same level as scientific inquiry in classroom instruction when teaching science disciplines at all levels, and by giving core ideas of engineering and technology the same status as those in other major science disciplines. The rationale for this increased emphasis on engineering and technology rests on two positions taken in A Framework for K–12 Science Education (NRC 2011). One position is aspirational; the other practical. From an aspirational standpoint, the Framework points out that science and engineering are needed to address major world challenges such as generating sufficient clean energy, preventing and treating diseases, maintaining supplies of food and clean water, and solving the problems of global environmental change that confront society today. These important challenges will motivate many students to continue or initiate their study of science and engineering. From a practical standpoint, the Framework notes that engineering and technology provide opportunities for students to deepen their understanding of science by applying their developing scientific knowledge to the solution of practical problems. Both positions converge on the powerful idea that by integrating technology and engineering into the science curriculum teachers can empower their students to use what they learn in their everyday lives.

Dimension 2: Crosscutting Concepts Let’s explore the CCCs… Read cross cutting concept & discuss with your “team” On chart : 1. Fill in the boxes as you discuss. 2. Use extra space to list questions, concerns, or needs. 3. List new shifts in instruction. 4. What are some classroom strategies? The idea of integrating technology and engineering into science standards is not new. Chapters on the nature of technology and the human-built world were included in Science for All Americans (AAAS 1989) and Benchmarks for Science Literacy (AAAS 1993, 2008). Standards for “Science and Technology” were included for all grade spans in the National Science Education Standards (NRC 1996). Despite these early efforts, however, engineering and technology have not received the same level of attention in science curricula, assessments, or the education of new science teachers as the traditional science disciplines have. A significant difference in the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) is the integration of engineering and technology into the structure of science education by raising engineering design to the same level as scientific inquiry in classroom instruction when teaching science disciplines at all levels, and by giving core ideas of engineering and technology the same status as those in other major science disciplines. The rationale for this increased emphasis on engineering and technology rests on two positions taken in A Framework for K–12 Science Education (NRC 2011). One position is aspirational; the other practical. From an aspirational standpoint, the Framework points out that science and engineering are needed to address major world challenges such as generating sufficient clean energy, preventing and treating diseases, maintaining supplies of food and clean water, and solving the problems of global environmental change that confront society today. These important challenges will motivate many students to continue or initiate their study of science and engineering. From a practical standpoint, the Framework notes that engineering and technology provide opportunities for students to deepen their understanding of science by applying their developing scientific knowledge to the solution of practical problems. Both positions converge on the powerful idea that by integrating technology and engineering into the science curriculum teachers can empower their students to use what they learn in their everyday lives.

Dimension 3: Core Ideas The 4 Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs) Physical Sciences (PS) Life Sciences (LS) Earth and Space Science (ESS) Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science (ETAS) The idea of integrating technology and engineering into science standards is not new. Chapters on the nature of technology and the human-built world were included in Science for All Americans (AAAS 1989) and Benchmarks for Science Literacy (AAAS 1993, 2008). Standards for “Science and Technology” were included for all grade spans in the National Science Education Standards (NRC 1996). Despite these early efforts, however, engineering and technology have not received the same level of attention in science curricula, assessments, or the education of new science teachers as the traditional science disciplines have. A significant difference in the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) is the integration of engineering and technology into the structure of science education by raising engineering design to the same level as scientific inquiry in classroom instruction when teaching science disciplines at all levels, and by giving core ideas of engineering and technology the same status as those in other major science disciplines. The rationale for this increased emphasis on engineering and technology rests on two positions taken in A Framework for K–12 Science Education (NRC 2011). One position is aspirational; the other practical. From an aspirational standpoint, the Framework points out that science and engineering are needed to address major world challenges such as generating sufficient clean energy, preventing and treating diseases, maintaining supplies of food and clean water, and solving the problems of global environmental change that confront society today. These important challenges will motivate many students to continue or initiate their study of science and engineering. From a practical standpoint, the Framework notes that engineering and technology provide opportunities for students to deepen their understanding of science by applying their developing scientific knowledge to the solution of practical problems. Both positions converge on the powerful idea that by integrating technology and engineering into the science curriculum teachers can empower their students to use what they learn in their everyday lives.

Physical Sciences (PS)

Life Sciences (LS)

Earth & Space Sciences (ESS)

Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science (ETS)

Disciplinary Core Ideas Science and Engineering Practices Content will be integrated with the cross cutting concepts and science and engineering practice to develop the standards. Content are the core disciplinary content such as forces and cells. Science and engineering practices are the practices used to understand and research scientific principles such as posing questions, designing investigations, developing scientific explanations, and constructing and using models. Cross-cutting concepts are concepts that connect the various branches of science such as systems, form and function, and cause and effect. The final standards will give teachers, curriculum and assessment developers, and administrators guidance in how to blend practices and content and will lend itself to full and more seamless integration. Examples (not prescriptions) will include designing investigation, developing, constructing, and using models, and asking critical questions. Crosscutting Concepts

What are the NGSS? NGSS Are: NGSS Are NOT: Performance Expectations focused on the nexus of the three dimensions of science learning Performance Expectations that require students demonstrate proficiency Designed to lead to a coherent understanding of the Practices, CCC, and DCIs Separate sets of isolated inquiry and content standards Curriculum or instructional tasks, experiences or materials. Meant to limit the use of Practices or Crosscutting Concepts in instruction Designed to be separate or isolated experiences Helen

Public Release Process Goal: To distribute and receive feedback from interested stakeholders; to create a transparent process The standards were open for 2nd final public review in January 2013. Writers reviewed all feedback - 10,000 comments from Illinois The standards can be accessed at www.nextgenscience.org The final draft released April 2013

(Tentative…as of October 2013) Illinois Timeline (Tentative…as of October 2013) Phase I: 2013-14 Planning for Implementation; professional development and curriculum planning Phase II: 2014-15 MS/HS implementation; Elementary professional development Phase III: 2015-16 Full implementation; large-scale assessment

nextgenscience.org

Next Generation Science Standards

Nature of Science Matrix “Students think that science is unproblematic” The idea of integrating technology and engineering into science standards is not new. Chapters on the nature of technology and the human-built world were included in Science for All Americans (AAAS 1989) and Benchmarks for Science Literacy (AAAS 1993, 2008). Standards for “Science and Technology” were included for all grade spans in the National Science Education Standards (NRC 1996). Despite these early efforts, however, engineering and technology have not received the same level of attention in science curricula, assessments, or the education of new science teachers as the traditional science disciplines have. A significant difference in the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) is the integration of engineering and technology into the structure of science education by raising engineering design to the same level as scientific inquiry in classroom instruction when teaching science disciplines at all levels, and by giving core ideas of engineering and technology the same status as those in other major science disciplines. The rationale for this increased emphasis on engineering and technology rests on two positions taken in A Framework for K–12 Science Education (NRC 2011). One position is aspirational; the other practical. From an aspirational standpoint, the Framework points out that science and engineering are needed to address major world challenges such as generating sufficient clean energy, preventing and treating diseases, maintaining supplies of food and clean water, and solving the problems of global environmental change that confront society today. These important challenges will motivate many students to continue or initiate their study of science and engineering. From a practical standpoint, the Framework notes that engineering and technology provide opportunities for students to deepen their understanding of science by applying their developing scientific knowledge to the solution of practical problems. Both positions converge on the powerful idea that by integrating technology and engineering into the science curriculum teachers can empower their students to use what they learn in their everyday lives.

Web Delivery of the NGSS All Standards are sortable by Topic Discipline Disciplinary Core Idea Science and Engineering Practice Crosscutting Concept Grade Level/Band Standards can be printed in pdf Additional components available in pdf Helen

A Closer Look at a Performance Expectation The Framework’s definitions address two common misconceptions. The first misconception is that engineering is just applied science. Although the practices of engineering have much in common with the practices of science, and engineers do apply their understanding of natural science in their work, engineering is a distinct field with its own goals, practices, and core concepts. The second misconception is that technology just refers to computers or other electronic devices; instead, it applies to all of the ways that people have modified the natural world to meet their basic needs and to realize their dreams.

A Closer Look at a Performance Expectation The Framework’s definitions address two common misconceptions. The first misconception is that engineering is just applied science. Although the practices of engineering have much in common with the practices of science, and engineers do apply their understanding of natural science in their work, engineering is a distinct field with its own goals, practices, and core concepts. The second misconception is that technology just refers to computers or other electronic devices; instead, it applies to all of the ways that people have modified the natural world to meet their basic needs and to realize their dreams.

A Closer Look at a Performance Expectation The Framework’s definitions address two common misconceptions. The first misconception is that engineering is just applied science. Although the practices of engineering have much in common with the practices of science, and engineers do apply their understanding of natural science in their work, engineering is a distinct field with its own goals, practices, and core concepts. The second misconception is that technology just refers to computers or other electronic devices; instead, it applies to all of the ways that people have modified the natural world to meet their basic needs and to realize their dreams.

A Closer Look at a Performance Expectation The Framework’s definitions address two common misconceptions. The first misconception is that engineering is just applied science. Although the practices of engineering have much in common with the practices of science, and engineers do apply their understanding of natural science in their work, engineering is a distinct field with its own goals, practices, and core concepts. The second misconception is that technology just refers to computers or other electronic devices; instead, it applies to all of the ways that people have modified the natural world to meet their basic needs and to realize their dreams.

Appendices & Resources Background info and resources in the appendices at nextgenscience.org

Literacy Standards for Science & Technical Subjects ELA Common Core Literacy Standards for Science & Technical Subjects

Common Core Connections CCR Skills Next Generation Science Standards Math Common Core Danielson & Teacher Evaluation ELA Common Core

Common Core Connections Standards for Mathematical Practice Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. Model with mathematics. Use appropriate tools strategically. Attend to precision. Look for and make use of structure. Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning.

Common Core Connections College & Career Readiness Skills Some of the top 13 Job Skills noted by Fortune 500s Interpersonal/teamwork skills Oral communication & listening skills Problem solving skills Critical thinking Reading and writing Computation & application skills

Implementation Considerations Applying today’s learning Think of a topic you will be teaching in the next few weeks…. What are some changes/additions to instruction to have students engage deeply in the Practices? What connections can be made to other topics? (Crosscutting Concepts) Using the Dissection Templates from OneHub, work with your team to begin developing objectives, activities and assessments for your PE’s.

Performance Expectation Dissection: Moving from Standards to Curriculum and Instruction

PE Dissection Template Transitioning from Standards to Curriculum

There are Different Routes You Can Take… To get to the same endpoint…

Bundling PEs to Form Units

Examples

Examples

Resources www.nextgenscience.org www.ngss.info http://ngss.nsta.org/ http://learningcenter.nsta.org/products/symposia_seminars/NGSS/webseminar.aspx http://www.isbe.net/ngss/default.htm http://www.achieve.org/next-generation-science-standards http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13165 http://www.csss-science.org/bcsse/

Credits Thank you to the following individuals and organizations that helped provide resources for this presentation: Dr. Carol Baker – www.ngss.info Amy Sandgren - Rock Island County ROE Norman T. Dahm Jr. – NBCT AYA Science Illinois State Board of Education www.nextgenscience.org