1 LC Training for RDA: Resource Description & Access Module 3: Identifying Expressions and Describing Content Cooperative and Instructional Programs Division, Library of Congress 2012

2 Acknowledgements  This course has been adapted from training delivered by Barbara Tillett and Judith Kuhagen, Library of Congress Policy and Standards Division, to the Georgia Public Library Cataloging Summit, August  It incorporates the “Refresher Training” conducted for LC’s RDA Testers in October  COIN gratefully acknowledges PSD’s permission to adapt the material for the present purpose

3 About This Material  This training material has been created for a primary audience of Library of Congress staff. Other audiences are welcome to utilize it as they see fit.  However, it should be understood that they reflect policies for LC staff, and should not necessarily be interpreted to either prohibit or require specific practices for persons external to LC.

4 Learning Objectives for Module 3 -- Identifying Expressions and Describing Content o Elements for Expressions o Content of Works and Expressions o Creators, Contributors, and Relationship Designators o Related Works, Expressions, and Manifestation

5 Unit 1: Elements for Expressions  “Expression” – the FRBR Entity  Identifying the Expression  LC Decisions  Contributors  Constructing the Authorized Access Point Representing an Expression  Additions to Authorized Access Points for Expressions  Variant Access Points for Expressions  MARC Authority Fields for Expressions

6 Expression – the FRBR Entity  ‘the way in which a work (the idea in the creator’s mind) is expressed’  through … Language (i.e., alpha-numeric) Sound Movement Performance etc.

7 Identifying the Expression  Authorized access points are used in bibliographic records to identify the expression being cataloged; also in 6XX and 7XX to represent relationships to other expressions  Forms according to RDA chapter 6  Two steps (similar to identifying the Work) Name the work Add expression-level identifying information

8  Always identify the expression by recording in the bibliographic record sometimes (per DCM Z1) also by making a title or name/title authority record  Authorized access points are used in other authority records as 5XX fields (relationships to other expressions) for treaties and in cases of cataloger judgment LC Decisions on … Bibliographic or Authority?

9  LCPS  Identify these expressions by adding an attribute to the authorized access point Music resources (6.28.3) Sacred scriptures (6.30.3) Translations and language editions (6.27.3) LC Decisions on … How to Identify Expressions

10  For other categories, LC will include the expression attributes in other fields in the bibliographic record Content type  336 field Language  008/35-37  041 field  546 field LC Decisions on … How to Identify Expressions

11  Do not add another characteristic to differentiate one expression from another e.g., do not differentiate one translation of Hamlet in French from another French translation e.g., do not differentiate one arrangement of Berlioz’ Corsaire from another arrangement LC Decisions on … How to Identify Expressions

12  Already an AACR2 NAR … If only one expression represented by NAR  Use the form in the NAR If more than one expression represented by NAR  Do not use that form in your bibliographic 7XX field  Instead, give separate access points for each expression in the bibliographic record 7XX fields  Already an RDA NAR … Use it in your bibliographic record, even if it includes an additional expression attribute LC wouldn’t include LC Decisions on … Using Existing NARs

13  “ … contributing to the realization of a work through an expression”  Chapter 20  Editors, translators, illustrators, arrangers of music, performers, writers of commentary, and others  CORE ELEMENT for LC only for illustrators of resources intended for children  RDA Appendix I.3.1 for relationship designators Contributors

14  6.27  The basis is the authorized access point for the work  Additions as outlined in Constructing the Authorized Access Point Representing an Expression Goncourt, Edmond de, 1822–1896. Frères Zemganno. English.

15 Additions to Authorized Access Points for Expressions  content type * (6.9)  date of the expression * (6.10)  language of the expression * (6.11)  another distinguishing characteristic of the expression * (6.12) * if needed to differentiate “and/or”

16 Additions to Access Points for Expressions -- Content Type  RDA 6.9  CORE ELEMENT when needed to differentiate  “fundamental form of communication in which the content is expressed and the human sense through which it is intended to be perceived...”  Take from any source  Controlled vocabulary in RDA  Access point: in subfield $h 130 $a ____________ $h Spoken word [For the audiobook of a printed text]

17 Content Type Recorded in 336 Field  New records One content type present in ILS templates  Existing records One content type added by macro  May add another field if appropriate  Use $3 if multiple components and term does not apply to all

18 Score: 336 $a notated music $2 rdacontent 337 $a unmediated $2 rdamedia 338 $a volume $2 rdacarrier Book or printed text serial: 336 $a text $2 rdacontent 337 $a unmediated $2 rdamedia 338 $a volume $2 rdacarrier Examples of 336 Field (also showing )

19 CD of text: 336 $a text $2 rdacontent 337 $a computer $2 rdamedia 338 $a computer disc $2 rdacarrier Map: 336 $a cartographic image $2 rdacontent 337 $a unmediated $2 rdamedia 338 $a sheet $2 rdacarrier Examples of 336 Field (also showing )

20 Instead of 300 $e, can repeat 300 field 300 $a 244 pages $a 1 CD... Instead of $e, can give a note 500 $a Accompanied by a CD. Book with accompanying CD of lecture: $3 and $e 300 $a 244 pages... + $e 1 CD 336 $3 book $a text $2 rdacontent 336 $3 CD $a spoken word $2 rdacontent 337 $3 book $a unmediated $2 rdamedia 337 $3 CD $a audio $2 rdamedia 338 $3 book $a volume $2 rdacarrier 338 $3 CD $ audio disc $2 rdacarrier Examples of 336 Field (also showing )

21 Additions to Access Points for Expressions -- Date of Expression  RDA 6.10  Not a CORE ELEMENT for LC Only for music, sacred scripture, translations LC catalogers are no longer required to add $f for “Works” and “Works. Selections”  Take from any source  “earliest date associated with an expression” May use date of manifestation If you find a NAR with this additional element, you may use it; do not create such NARs; do not perform authority maintenance 100 1# $a Bernstein, Leonard, $d $a Works Change!

22 Additions to Access Points for Expressions -- Language of Expression  RDA 6.11  CORE ELEMENT when needed to differentiate  “language in which a work is expressed”  Take from any source  Use term(s) from the MARC 21 list of languages  Access point: in subfield $l (not repeatable)  Distinguish between: one expression in more than one language two or more expressions

23 If One Expression …  One language give $l only if a translation  More than one language do not give $l unless a translation 100 1# $a Brunhoff, Jean de, $d $a Babar en famille. $l English $a Babar and his children. Tolstoy, Leo, graf, Voi ̆ na i mir.

24 If Two or More Expressions … Original and One Translation  If the manifestation is a compilation of the original and one translation of the same work record an analytical authorized access point for the original expression (without $l for the language) record a separate analytical authorized access point for the translation (with $l for the language)  Examples of AACR2 and RDA on next 2 slides

25 Examples: Two Expressions -- Original and One Translation Original + Spanish translation in the same resource AACR # $a eng $a spa $h eng 100 1# $a Macken, JoAnn Early, $d $a Mail carrier. $l Spanish & English $a Mail carrier = $b El cartero / $c JoAnn Early Macken $a Cartero 546 ## $a English and Spanish.

26 Examples: Two Expressions -- Original and One Translation Original + Spanish translation in the same resource RDA 041 1# $a eng $a spa $h eng 100 1# $a Macken, JoAnn Early, $d $a Mail carrier = $b El cartero / $c JoAnn Early Macken $a Cartero 546 ## $a English and Spanish $a Macken, JoAnn Early, $d $t Mail carrier $a Macken, JoAnn Early, $d $t Mail carrier. $l Spanish.

27 If Two or More Expressions … Original and More than One Translation  If the compilation contains the original expression and more than one translation record an authorized access point for the original expression (without $l for the language) record an authorized access point for at least one translation (with $l for the language)  Giving additional analytical access points is cataloger judgment

28 Other Language Situations  Two or more expressions in different languages, and the original expression is not present Record at least one expression in an analytical a.a.p., with $l for the language  Two or more expressions in different languages, and you cannot determine the original For the purpose of choosing the preferred title, choose the title proper named first on the preferred source of information as the preferred title of the work (i.e., treat the first as if it is the original edition) For the purpose of providing analytical a.a.p.’s, treat the manifestation as if you have a compilation of the original and one or more translations (see slide 24): o Provide an analytical a.a.p. for the expression designated as the original, without subfield $l for the language o Provide an analytical a.a.p. point for at least one more expression, with subfield $l for the language

29 No Longer Use …  “Polyglot”  Single subfield with multiple languages e.g., “French & English”  Provide specific information about all the languages of each expression.

30 Additions to Access Points for Expressions -- Other Distinguishing Characteristic  RDA 6.12  CORE ELEMENT when needed to differentiate  “a characteristic other than content type, language of expression, or date of expression that serves to differentiate an expression”  Take from any source  Access point: at end of last subfield unless a separate subfield is available subfield $o for musical expressions (e.g., “arranged”) subfield $s for versions of the Bible, etc.

31 Examples – Other Distinguishing Characteristic 130 #0 $a Nutcracker (Choreographic work : Baryshnikov) 130 #0 $a Bible. $l English. $s Authorized. $f 2004

32 Variant Access Points for Expressions -- RDA  LC policy: cataloger judgment -- consider if important for user to find or identify Catalogers are users, too  May be based on a variant title of the work associated with a particular expression a form with a variant of the addition in the authorized access point

33 Examples -- Variant Access Points for Expressions 100 $a Lindgren, Astrid, $d $t Pippi Långstrump. $l English 400 $a Lindgren, Astrid, $d $t Pippi Longstocking 100 $a Hartmann, $c von Aue, $d active 12th century. $t Works. $l English 400 $a Hartmann, $c von Aue, $d active 12th century. $t Arthurian romances, tales, and lyric poetry

34 MARC Authority Fields for Expressions  Apply cataloger judgment when deciding whether to include these fields in any name authority records made for expressions. 046: Special coded dates 336: Content type Covered in further detail in the “Authorities” courses

35 For More Guidance -- Constructing Access Points  LCPS “Constructing Access Points to Represent Works and Expressions” Use established forms in existing NARs If need to create, create RDA NAR Do not create ‘hybrid’ NARs Do not add 7XX fields for RDA forms to AACR2 records or AACR2 forms for RDA records

36 For More Guidance -- “What LC-PCC Catalogers Need to Know”  _rdaphase.pdf _rdaphase.pdf Interim document “what a cataloger should do”

37 For More Guidance -- Additional Resources  Additional Resources “Refresher documents” R5 and R6 Examples folder for authority records on LC RDA site LC NetDev MARC page

38 Unit 2: Exercise on Expressions  Document R-6 Example 14  Exercise #6 Identifying Expressions

39 Unit 3: Exercise on Creators and Contributors  Exercise #7Creators and Contributors

40 Unit 4: Describing Content  General Guidelines  Content Attributes Recorded in the MARC 300 Field  Content Attributes of Works  Content Attributes of Expressions

41 Content Attributes Recorded in the MARC 300 Field  Because these elements are related to content, they are covered in RDA Chapter 7, not Chapter 3 Duration (7.22) Illustrative Content (7.15) Colour Content (7.17)  300 field is a mix of carrier and content

42 Content – 300 Duration  LC CORE ELEMENT  RDA 7.22  “Playing time, running time, etc., of the content of a resource”  MARC 300 $a  Use abbreviations per RDA Appendix B 300 $a 1 audio disc (45 min.) 300 $a 1 DVD (2 hr., 15 min.)

43 Content – 300 Illustrative Content  LC CORE ELEMENT for resources intended for children  RDA 7.15  Open list of vocabulary terms  Recorded in MARC 008/18 as applicable and field 300 $b

44 Content – 300 A Key Change From AACR2  No abbreviations “color” (not “col.”) “sound” (not “sd.”) “silent” (not “si.”) “illustrations” (not “ill.”)

45 Content – 300 Colour* Content  Not LC CORE  RDA 7.17  LCPS Use spelling “color”  MARC field 300 $b color (illustrations are in color) some color (10 maps, some of which are in color) chiefly color (illustrations, most of which are in color) * the name of the attribute uses this spelling

46 General Guidelines on Describing Content  RDA Chapter 7  Sources Take information used to describe content from the resource itself In certain cases the information may be taken from sources outside the resource

47 Content – Attributes of Works

48 Attributes of Works – Nature of the Content  RDA 7.2  Character of primary content  Record if considered important  Recorded in MARC 008/24 as applicable, and field 500 Singspiel in two acts Spreadsheet, with word processing and graphic capabilities

49 Attributes of Works – Coverage of the Content  RDA 7.3  Chronological or geographic coverage  Record if considered important  Recorded in MARC field 500 Based on 1981 statistics Shows all of western Europe and some of eastern Europe

50 Attributes of Works – Coordinates of Cartographic Content  RDA 7.4  Longitude and latitude are CORE for LC  Not covered in this class

51 Attributes of Works – Intended Audience  RDA 7.7  CORE ELEMENT for LC for resources intended for children  Class of user For children aged 7-9 For remedial reading programs

52 Attributes of Works – Dissertation or Thesis Information  RDA 7.9  CORE ELEMENT for LC  Formal requirements for a degree Degree; institution; year

53 Attributes of Works – Dissertation or Thesis Information  LCPS *LC catalogers rarely catalog original theses or dissertations; you will usually construct a 500 field rather than a 502 field 502 ## $b Ph.D. $c University of Toronto $d ## $a Revision of the author’s thesis

54 Content – Attributes of Expressions

55 Attributes of Expressions – Summarization of the Content  RDA 7.10  CORE ELEMENT for LC for fiction intended for children  Abstract, summary, synopsis, etc.  Record if considered important  LCPS on the use of MARC fields 520 and 856

56 Attributes of Expressions – Language of the Content  RDA 7.12  CORE ELEMENT for LC  Record if considered important  MARC fields 041 and 546  LCPS In addition to primary content, also supply languages of other content (summaries, tables of contents, etc.) if it will assist in identification and selection Use the form of name found in the MARC Code List for Languages

57 Attributes of Expressions – Form of Notation  RDA  CORE ELEMENT for LC for some scripts and for form of musical notation  Set of characters and/or symbols used to express the written language content  LCPS Devanagari 2. Armenian Cyrillic (for a resource written in both scripts)

58 Attributes of Expressions – Supplementary Content  RDA 7.16  CORE ELEMENT for LC for indexes and bibliographies in monographs  Record if considered important  MARC fields 504 and 500

59 Attributes of Expressions – Bibliographies and Indexes  LCPS  Routinely for: bibliographical references, discographies, filmographies, indexes, appendices  If bibliographical citations in any form, generally use 504 ## $a Includes bibliographical references.  If a single bibliography, add the foliation/pagination 504 ## $a Includes bibliographical references (pages ).  If an index to its own contents 500 ## $a Includes index.  Bibliography and index notes may be combined 504 ## $a Includes bibliographical references and index.

60 Attributes of Expressions – Music Resources  3 LC CORE ELEMENTS Form of musical notation (7.13.3) Format of notated music (7.20) Medium of performance of musical content (7.21)

61 Attributes of Expressions – Cartographic Resources  4 LC CORE ELEMENTS Horizontal scale (7.25.3) Vertical scale (7.25.4) Additional scale information (7.25.5) Projection of cartographic content (7.26)

62 Unit 5: Exercise on Content  Exercise #8Describing Content

63 Appendix 1: Creators, Contributors, and Relationship Designators  RDA Appendix I – most frequently used  I.2. Relationship Designators for Persons, Families, and Corporate Bodies Associated with a Work I.2.1. Relationship Designators for Creators I.2.2. Relationship Designators for Other Persons, Families, or Corporate Bodies Associated with a Work  I.3. Relationship Designators for Persons, Families, and Corporate Bodies Associated with an Expression I.3.1. Relationship Designators for Contributors  Optional – but use correctly

64 Appendix 2: New Work? New Expression? New Manifestation?  Whether a revised edition requires a “Uniform Title”  FRBR concepts of “Work” and “Expression” Continuum from original work  new expression  new work  “Relationships” module addresses different methods of relating revised editions  See “RDA Special Topics” presentation _2011.html _2011.html

65 Purpose of a Uniform Title  ‘to relate all expressions of a work’  UT used to connect if the title proper has changed from one expression to another, or from one manifestation to another  MARC fields 1XX/

66 What Constitutes a New Work?  A different creator Not an additional creator  A very different scope of content even if title proper/preferred title is the same  No UT needed Because the works are not the same

67 New Title, Content Not Revised – New Manifestation  UT (240) for preferred title -- same as AACR2 Original: 100 $a Smith, Lacey Baldwin, $d $a A Tudor tragedy : $b the life and times of Catherine Howard. 260 $a [New York] : $b Pantheon Books, $c [1961] Later title (no indication of revision): 100 $a Smith, Lacey Baldwin, $d $a Tudor tragedy 245 $a Catherine Howard / $c Lacey Baldwin Smith. 260 $a Stroud Gloucestershire : $b Amberley, $c [2010], © $a Originally published under title: A Tudor tragedy

68 Same Title, Content Revised – New Expression  no UT -- same as AACR2 Original: 100 $a Harwood, Gregory W. 245 $a Giuseppe Verdi : $b a guide to research / $c Gregory Harwood. 260 $a New York : $b Garland Pub., $c Revision: 100 $a Harwood, Gregory W. 245 $a Giuseppe Verdi : $b a research and information guide / $c Gregory W. Harwood. 250 $a Second edition. 260 $a New York, NY ; $a Abingdon, Oxon : $b Routledge, $c 2012.

69 New Title, Content Revised – New Expression  UT (240) field – change from AACR2 Original: 100 $a Monson, Craig. 245 $a Disembodied voices : $b music and culture in an early modern Italian convent / $c Craig A. Monson. 260 $a Berkeley : $b University of California Press, $c Revision: 100 $a Monson, Craig. 240 $a Disembodied voices 245 $a Divas in the convent : $b nuns, music, and defiance in seventeenth-century Italy / $c Craig A. Monson. 260 $a Chicago : $b University of Chicago Press, $c $a Revision of the author’s Disembodied voices.

70 New Title, Content Revised – New Expression  UT (130) field – change from AACR2 Original: 245 $a Contemporary art and multicultural education / $c edited by Susan Cahan and Zoya Kucor. 260 $a New York : $b New Museum of Contemporary Art : $b Routledge, $c Revision: 130 $a Contemporary art and multicultural education 245 $a Rethinking Contemporary Art and Multicultural Education / $c The New Museum of Contemporary Art. 250 $a Fully revised second edition. 260 $a New York, NY : $b Routledge, $c 2011.