Centre for Actuarial Research HIV/AIDS Benefits in Medical Schemes in 2002

Centre for Actuarial Research Prescribed Minimum Benefits

Centre for Actuarial Research Existing PMB Definition  Code: 168s  Diagnosis: # HIV-associated disease - first admission or subsequent admissions  Treatment: # medical and surgical management for opportunistic infections / localised malignancies  6) Specified categories shall take precedence over others present. Such“overriding” categories are preceded by “#”.  Suffering from pneumonia and HIV: 168S is an overriding category, thus the entitlements guaranteed by the ‘pneumonia’ category (903D) are overridden.

Centre for Actuarial Research Review of PMBs  1999 Regulations:  A review shall be conducted at least every two years by the Department that will involve the Council for Medical Schemes, stakeholders, Provincial health departments and consumer representatives.  In addition, the review will focus specifically on development of protocols for the medical management of HIV/AIDS.

Centre for Actuarial Research Proposed PMB Definition  Code: 168S  Diagnosis: #HIV-infection  Treatment: 1  HIV voluntary counselling and testing  Co-trimoxazole as preventive therapy  Screening and preventive therapy for TB  Diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted infections  Pain management in palliative care  Treatment of common opportunistic infections  Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV  Post-exposure prophylaxis following sexual assault.

Centre for Actuarial Research Proposed PMB Definition  1 Note: comment is requested on this formulation of the benefit for HIV, in addition to other possible formulations, such as the wording of the existing benefit; and a treatment making provision for the provision of anti- retroviral therapy when clinically indicated.

Centre for Actuarial Research Survey

Centre for Actuarial Research Comparison to Previous Research at UCT  First research conducted in 2001  Looked at HIV/AIDS benefits by scheme  No direct input from schemes  This survey conducted in 2002  Benefits by scheme, option and beneficiary  Information provided by schemes

Centre for Actuarial Research Survey Coverage of Schemes 77 schemes 53% of schemes

Centre for Actuarial Research Survey Coverage of Options 221 options 54% of options

Centre for Actuarial Research Survey Coverage of Beneficiaries 5,290,030 beneficiaries 80% of beneficiaries

Centre for Actuarial Research Validity of Survey  The survey covers 5,290,030 beneficiaries.  This is estimated to be some 80% of all beneficiaries  75% of open scheme beneficiaries  94% of restricted scheme beneficiaries.  Small restricted schemes under-represented.  Poor coverage of small and medium open schemes.  Expect benefits to be worse in schemes that did not reply.

Centre for Actuarial Research HIV/AIDS Benefit Management

Centre for Actuarial Research Categories of Benefits (by schemes) 7 schemes offer only Prescribed Minimum Benefits

Centre for Actuarial Research Categories of Benefits (by beneficiaries) Fewer beneficiaries affected – thus small schemes that are not offering PMBs

Centre for Actuarial Research Disease Management Programme (by schemes) 78% of schemes use a Disease Management Programme

Centre for Actuarial Research Disease Management Programme (by beneficiaries) 89% of beneficiaries covered by a Disease Management Programme

Centre for Actuarial Research Options that Require Registration 86 % of options use a Disease Management Programme 88% 100% 75% 100% 93% 66% 100% 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100% Aid for Aids Calibre Discovery Lifesense MX Health Newmed Own Qualsa 100%

Centre for Actuarial Research Beneficiary Participation on Disease Management Programmes Grave concern about low take-up of benefits on offer to beneficiaries.

Centre for Actuarial Research Coverage of Current PMBs

Centre for Actuarial Research Cover Only for Prescribed Minimum Benefits 15% of options cover only PMBs, but only 3% of families affected. These tend to be larger families.

Centre for Actuarial Research Opportunistic Infections (by option) 20 options are using members’ savings accounts for part or full cover of PMBs

Centre for Actuarial Research Proposed Regulations 2002  REGULATION 10: PERSONAL MEDICAL SAVINGS ACCOUNTS  (6) The funds in a member’s medical savings account shall not be used to pay for the costs of a prescribed minimum benefit.

Centre for Actuarial Research Savings Used for Opportunistic Infections Trustees should review use of savings accounts in benefit design 0% 33% 5% 14% 9% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% Aid for AidsNo additional Benefit Non-managed scheme Other DMPTotal % options

Centre for Actuarial Research Hospitalisation Limits (by option) Trustees should review use of savings accounts in benefit design

Centre for Actuarial Research Coverage of Proposed PMBs

Centre for Actuarial Research Support Services (by beneficiaries) Medical schemes have embraced support services

Centre for Actuarial Research Support Services (by option) 29 options from 13 schemes provide no support services

Centre for Actuarial Research HIV-Related Conditions (by beneficiary) Good coverage but needs to be 100%. 84% 87% 88% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% TB ScreeningPreventative Therapy for TB Preventative Therapy for PCP STD Treatment

Centre for Actuarial Research HIV-Related Conditions (by beneficiary) Good coverage but needs to be 100%.

Centre for Actuarial Research 41% 56% 55% 84% 47% 77% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% AZT onlyAZT and 3TCNevirapineCaesarean section Formula feeding MTCT Counselling Mother-To-Child Transmission (by beneficiary) 92% of beneficiaries have access to some form of ART for MTCT

Centre for Actuarial Research Mother-To-Child Transmission (by options) 13% of options (7% of beneficiaries) have no MTCT benefits.

Centre for Actuarial Research Post-Exposure Prophylaxis 96% 94% 79% 87% 81% 68% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Sexual assaultOccupation injuryOther sexual exposure % beneficiaries % options 96% of beneficiaries have access to ART in the event of sexual assault

Centre for Actuarial Research Coverage of Anti-Retroviral Therapy

Centre for Actuarial Research Anti-Retroviral Therapy (by options) 27% 20% 58% 71% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% No Anti-retroviral Therapy Mono-therapyDual-therapyTriple-therapy 27% of options provide no access to ART

Centre for Actuarial Research Anti-Retroviral Therapy (by beneficiaries) 8% 21% 73% 90% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% No Anti-retroviral Therapy Mono-therapyDual-therapyTriple-therapy 90% of beneficiaries have access to Triple-therapy

Centre for Actuarial Research Anti-Retroviral Therapy Support (by beneficiaries) Note : may also be for rape or MTCT 90% 94% 76% 85% 88% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Surveillance of Drug EffectivenessCounselling for people on drug treatment Open Restricted Total

Centre for Actuarial Research Anti-Retroviral Therapy Support (by options) Needed for effective ART programme 15% 85% 81% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% No Benefits1 or more benefitsAll benefits

Centre for Actuarial Research Conclusions

Centre for Actuarial Research Key Findings  Only 4% of beneficiaries have no access to benefits other than PMBs.  89% of beneficiaries covered by a Disease Management Programme.  92% of beneficiaries have access to some form of ART to prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission.  96% of beneficiaries have access to ART after sexual assault.  90% of beneficiaries already have access to triple therapy.  Trustees have provided comprehensive access to benefits for HIV/AIDS

Centre for Actuarial Research Benefit Design Issues  Although survey covers only 53% of schemes, it covers some 80% of beneficiaries.  Little knowledge of designs used by small restricted schemes or small and medium open schemes.  Expect non-reporting schemes to have worse coverage.  “Swiss-cheese” benefit design as a means of risk-rating : PMB extension thus levels the playing field.  Concern : 20 options report using members’ savings accounts for part or full cover of PMBs.  Micro detail of benefit designs needs further attention to ensure adequate benefits : nature and size of limits.

Centre for Actuarial Research Implications for Proposed PMBs  It appears that coverage of beneficiaries for the proposed HIV/AIDS Prescribed Minimum Benefits is already high.  Great concern about low take-up of benefits : only 0.30% of beneficiaries reported registered on programmes.  Schemes may not yet be experiencing the full costs of benefit structures.  Crucial need to model future impact of HIV/AIDS in medical schemes.  Responsible extension of PMBs requires that coverage must be adequate and sustainable.