Chapter 18 Section 1 Turkey

Which Turkey are we talking about?

A) The Land (#37 in world) A little bigger than Texas. It is in Europe and Asia. These two continents are separated by 3 waterways. 1)Bosporus 2) Sea of Marmara 3) Dardanelles These three waterways make up the Turkish Straits.

1) Land and Climate Highlands & Plateaus cover much of Turkey. Mountain ranges surround the highlands. Pontic mountains are north of the Anatolian plateau. Taurus mountains are south of the Anatolian plateau. Severe earthquakes (Northern)

Homework Southwest Asia Map Due Friday! Worth 40 points.

Land & Climate Con’t In the Western part of Turkey there is river valleys. In the Southern part of Turkey there is coastal plains. The climates in Turkey are steppe, and Mediterranean.

B) Economy (#17 in world) Agriculture is very important; the best farms are in coastal areas. Wheat & livestock are leading farm products. Oil refining & Textiles are most important industrial activities. Very rich in mineral deposits (iron ore, coal, and copper)

Why is Wheat Important?

C) The People 80 million people. (#17 in world) Most people live in Anatolian Plateau, coastal plains, or valleys. Turkish is the major language. 99% of people are Muslims. Religion that is most practiced (Islam). Islam is a religion that teaches belief in one god.

1) City and Country 70% of people live in cities and towns. Istanbul is the largest city and only city in the world that is located on two continents. The capital city is Ankara. Ankara is the 2 nd largest city. The cities can’t support enough jobs so people have to move to different countries.

Istanbul

2) Influences Of The Past Most of Turkey’s people are descendants of Asian people called Turks. One group of Turks (the Ottomans) established a Muslim empire centered in Turkey. Kemal Ataturk was a military hero, and the first president of Turkey. (Became modern nation)

Who is this guy?

D) Government Republican Parliamentary Democracy Independence: October 29, 1923 Constitution: November 7 th, 1982 Citizens can vote for a president when they are 18 years or older! Chief of State: President Abdullah Gul (5 year term with ability to be re-elected once) Prime Minister: Recep Tayyip Erdogan President selects Prime Minister from Parliament

Syria Size: #89 *Climate: Desert Pop: 23 mill. (#55) Mostly Arab people! Official language: Arabic *Lit.Rate. 84% Oil- Country’s main export. Damascus is the capital city and was founded more than 4,000 years ago as a trading center. Gov’t- Republic with authoritarian regime. Pres: Bashar al-Assad Civil war led to 2 mill+ Syrian refugees.

Lebanon (#170 in size) Capital: Beirut *Climate: Mediterr. Pop: 4.5 mill. (#127) 95% Arab ethnicity, however they like to be called Phoenicians and not Arabs. Religions: Islam & Christianity Language: Arabic *Literacy rate: 90% Major source of income- Service Industries Civil war between Muslims and Christians Gov’t- Republic *President-Michel Suleiman Prez serves 1 6yr term and can’t serve consecutive terms. Election held 5/2014!

Jordan (#112 in size) Capital: Amman *Climate: Desert Population: 6.5 mill (#105) *98% Arab! Religion: Islam (Sunni Muslim 92%) Language: Arabic (official) and English Very high life expectancy and literacy rate! Main farming area- Jordan River Valley. Lacks energy resources. Gov’t- Constitutional Monarchy *King Abdallah bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud, Most just call him King Abdallah II. Prime minister heads the gov’t, just like in Canada and UK.

Chapter 18 Section 2 Israel *It is the only Jewish nation in the world.

A) The Land Israel’s landscape includes plains, desert, and highlands. Dead Sea lies between Israel & Jordan. 1,349 feet below sea level. Lowest place on Earth. Saltiest body of water in the world. (9X saltier than oceans) Negev is a desert that covers ½ of the country.

Dead Sea, Why is he floating?

1) Climate- Northern Israel has a Mediterranean climate. Southern Israel has a desert climate. In the summer temp. are around 120 degrees.

Will your class get 3 strikes and have to translate this on your test? * Arabic, Turkish, and Hebrew* أنا أحب السيد ديري الطبقة! Mr Derry sınıfının seviyorum! אני אוהב את מר דרי של הכיתה!

B) The Economy 1) Mining and Manufacturing Most industrialized country in SW Asia. Factories produce food products, clothing and chemicals. Diamond cutting is a major industry. Tel Aviv-Yafo is largest manufacturing center. Mining is important. Dead Sea is rich in potash.

2) Agriculture Farmers grow oranges, grapefruits, and lemons. In very dry areas, crops are grown with drip irrigation. This method uses computers to release specific amounts of water from underground tubes.

Fruits that are Grown »

C) The People The “Law of Return” passed in 1950, settlement in Israel is open to all Jews from anywhere in the world. 7.6 million people (# 97 in world) 76% of people are Jews, 17% are Muslisms 90% live in urban areas. Largest cities (Tel Aviv-Yafo, Jerusalem)

Do you know what this hat is called?

1) Early History Israeli Jews today come from Europe, N.Africa, and the Americas. Origin comes from the Hebrews who set up a kingdom in Jerusalem. Hebrew Kingdom split into two states Israel and Judah.

Early History Con’t Under Roman Rule Israel became the country Palestine. In late 1800’s Jews moved from Europe and Palestine. European Jews started coming back and these Jewish settlers were known as Zionists.

2) The Birth of Israel * During WWI, British won control of Palestine and supported a Jewish homeland. Most people living in Palestine were Arabs. To keep peace the British limited the # of Jews entering Palestine. *During WWII, millions of Jews in Europe were killed by German Nazis. (Holocaust) After WWII many Jews were left homeless and many wanted to migrate to Palestine. *In 1947 the United Nations divided Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state. People did not agree with this plan, so in May 1948, the British left the area, and the Jews of Palestine proclaimed independence and the state is called Israel. (Arabs rejected it) *War broke out soon after and in 1949 Israel won and many European Jews starting moving to Israel.

Holocaust

Israel’s history/conflicts *Israel fought many wars with its Arab neighbors and eventually won control of areas known as the West Bank and Gaza Strip. *Many Palestinian Arabs, were now left homeless and demanded their own country. * ’s many Palestinians and Israelis died fighting one another. *1979- Israel and Egypt signed a peace treaty. *1993- Israel and Palestinian Arab leaders agree on peace. Israel gave two areas to the Palestinians. (West Bank and Gaza Strip) *Palestinians have some control of these areas but some Jews still live there and tensions always remain high. *Palestinians want their own country but have yet to achieve this.

Israel Today More than 90% of people live in urban areas. Jerusalem is the capital (1950) Gov’t- Democratic Republic/Parliamentary Democracy President (Represents country)- Shimon Peres Prime Minister (Heads the Gov’t) - Binyamin N ETANYAHU