Medical Literature & Information Retrieval Yaming Huang (also Anne Huang) Xiaoning Wang Yuhong Qiu Yuhong Zhao School of Information Managent & Information System (Medical)/ the Library China Medical University

Section 1: Introduction Why do we learn this course? What are the core contents of this course? Agenda, requirements and examination Introduction to medical literature and information retrieval

Why do we learn this course? To be of information literacy This course is aiming at Medical School Objectives Project (MOSP) The Medical School Objectives Project (MSOP) is an AAMC ( Association of American Medical Colleges) initiative MSOP’s goals

Why do we learn this course? To be of information literacy Medical School Objectives Project The Goals and Objectives of Medical Student Education: Physicians must be altruistic. Physicians must be knowledgeable. ◦ … An understanding of the need to engage in lifelong learning to stay abreast of relevant scientific advances … Physicians must be skillful. ◦ … The ability to communicate effectively, both orally and in writing, with patients, patients ’ families, colleagues, and others with whom physicians must exchange information in carrying out their responsibilities … Physicians must be dutiful. ◦ … The ability to retrieve (from electronic databases and other resources), manage, and utilize biomedical information for solving problems and making decisions that are relevant to the care of individuals and populations …

Why do we learn this course? To be of information literacy Global Minimum Essential Requirements in Medical Education - Management of Information: · search, collect, organize and interpret health and biomedical information from different databases and sources; · retrieve patient-specific information from a clinical data system; · use information and communication technology to assist in diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive measures, and for surveillance and monitoring health status; · understand the application and limitations of information technology; · maintain records of his/her practice for analysis and improvement.

Why do we learn this course? Target professional valuable information and use it Information is exploding upon us ◦ There is an Information explosion upon us. Large amounts of information resources are surrounding us. As a medical student, information literacy is necessary. Focusing on academic, authoritative, reliable biomedical professional information is of paramount importance. ◦ They can help you to learn the world-wide leading knowledge. ◦ This course will help you to focus on them.

Core contents of this course How to retrieve literature databases? ◦ Searching PubMed: for medical articles ◦ Searching Cochrane Library: for clinical evidence, practice guideline … How to use other information resources on the Internet ◦ general search engines ◦ medical search engines ◦ healthcare organizations & institutions ◦ famous medical journals …

Agenda of this course Oct 27 8:00 ◦ Section 1: Introduction and the structure of literature database (PubMed) Oct :10; Nov. 3 8:00; Nov. 5 10:10 ◦ Section 2: Searching literature database-PubMed, etc. Nov. 10 8:00; Nov :10 ◦ Section 3: Searching evidence-Cochrane Library, etc.  Nov.17 8:00; Nov.19 10:10 ◦ Section 4: General and medical search engines Nov.24 8:00; Nov.26 10:10 ◦ Section 5: Other Information Resources on the Internet Note that the above “red” lectures are for exercises on online computers in the electrical reading room on the 5 th floor of the library. And the other lectures will be performed in the 94 th classroom.

Requirements of this course Sure to be present at the class Do your exercises and homework as well, record your answers to the questions in a word file and the file to me or before Nov.

Learning results evaluation It contains two parts: ◦ terminal examination ( accounting for 70%?) ◦ + ◦ Exercises ( accounting for 30%?)

Introduction to Medical Literature and Information Retrieval Literature classification, especially based on originality Steps to finding information

Literature classification There are many classification basing on a variety of criteria. Depending on originality, they can be categorized as ◦ Primary documents ◦ secondary documents ◦ tertiary documents

Primary documents are usually the first formal appearance of results in the print or electronic literature. Some examples of primary documents: scientific journal articles reporting experimental research results proceedings of Meetings, Conferences and Symposia. technical reports dissertations or theses patents letters and correspondence original documents

S econdary sources works which repackage, reorganize, reinterpret, summarize, index or otherwise "add value" to the new information reported in the primary literature. Some examples of second sources: I ndexing and abstracting tools used to locate primary sources. The majority of literature databases belong to secondary sources, e.g., PubMed Chemical Abstract Biological Abstract Embase Science Citation Index

Keyterm Context Terms Ref. No. Human (Hominidae) Cardiovascular Medicine/aged/male/………… R AIDS Behavior/Epidemiology/immune system disease Subject Index of Biological Abstracts

Tertiary sources are materials in which the information from secondary sources has been "digested" - reformatted and condensed, to put it into a convenient, easy-to-read form. Some examples of tertiary sources: reviews or editorials dictionaries and encyclopedias guidebooks, manuals textbooks

Steps to finding information/document 5 Essential Steps: 1. Deciding what you are looking for 2. Deciding where to look for information 3. Knowing how to look for the information you need 4. Evaluating the information you find 5. Acknowledging and listing your sources

Steps to finding information/document 1. Deciding what you are looking for what are the key concepts in your topic? List them. Are they words or terms? Or else, authors? universities or institutes? journals?... do you understand all the terms involved? If not, consult an encyclopedia or dictionary what would be the best search terms to use? List them, but be willing to add and subtract from your list.

Steps to finding information/document 2. Where to look for the information you desire? online databases Pubmed Embase BIOSIS (Biological Abstract) Web of Science (Science Citation Index) SciFinder (Chemical Abstracts) Web sites – via google or hub sites directories professional organizations online medical journals medical portals……

Steps to finding information/document 3.Knowing how to look for the information you need If the key concepts you list are terms/words, ◦ Summarize your topic in one or two sentences ◦ Identify the unique idea or concepts associated with your topic ◦ Choose appropriate keywords for each concept ◦ Establish the relationship between each keyword or concept

Steps to finding information/document 3.Knowing how to look for the information you need In medical literature databases, especially in PubMed, we can use Subject searching or keyword searching A "Keyword" searching will search titles, subjects, abstracts, etc. Most search engines use keywords which you select to relate to the concept and you expect to find mentioned in the article of interest.

Steps to finding information/document 3.Knowing how to look for the information you need A "Subject" search searches only assigned subject headings. Concepts can often be described in different ways and with different terms. Many indexes and databases use a standardized list of subject terms to describe topics (called a controlled vocabulary). For example, if you know a database uses the term "aged" as a standardized subject heading, you can do one search for the subject "aged" and know that you have also retrieved articles on "senior citizens" and "elderly." Some databases will offer a thesaurus to direct you to their chosen subject headings. For detail, please refer to Section 2: PubMed.

Steps to finding information/document 4. Evaluating the information you find Retrieval performance evaluation Have you got all you desired? Have you found exactly what you desired? If not, redesign your search strategy and try further more.

Steps to finding information/document 5. Acknowledging and Listing Sources Proves your work has a substantial, factual basis Shows the research you ’ ve done to reach your conclusions Allows your reader to identify & find the references including images, tables, figures. Acknowledges the authors whose work you used — Section 1: Introduction