46-320-01 Tests and Measurements Intersession 2006.

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Presentation transcript:

Tests and Measurements Intersession 2006

Projective Tests Projective hypothesis (Frank, 1939) Accuracy of perception Conclusions Influencing factors

Rorschach Inkblot Test Pre-Rorschach Rorschach: Identifying psychological disorders 5 main proponents: Beck Hertz Klopfer Piotrowski Rappaport Exner

Rorschach 10 Inkblots 5 black and gray 2 black, gray, and red 3 pastel colors Administration Individual test Instructions Free Association Phase Inquiry Phase

Rorschach-like Example Taken from: cottbus.de/BTU/Fak2/TheoArch/Lehrstuhl/deu/lehre/WS0203/Soziologie/psychologie.htm

Rorschach-like Card

Rorschach Blot

Rorschach Scoring Location Whole (W) Common Detail (D) Unusual detail (Dd) Determinant Form (F) Movement (M, FM, m) Color (C) Shading (T) Form Quality F+ or + F F- or – Content Human (H) Animal (A) Nature (N) Popular-original

Scoring the Rorschach Exner: Structural summary Allows for norms Inferences are hypotheses Qualitative interpretation Content Sequence of responses

Psychometrics The psychometric debate Using scientific methods Method of administration Scoring not standardized Influence of demographics/examiner training not considered Reliability: varied and inconsistent Meta-analysis and KR20 Validity

Holtzman Inkblot Test Alternative to Rorschach 1 response per 45 cards Standardized administration and scoring Scoring on 22 dimensions Alternate form Norms Psychometrics

Holtzman Inkblot Test

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Morgan and Murray (1935) Based on Murray’s theory of Needs E.g., Abasement (To surrender and accept punishment); Acquisition (To obtain possessions); Deference (To follow a superior, to serve); Nurturance (To protect the helpless); Similance (To empathize) 30 Pictures depicting a variety of scenes, plus blank card

TAT Certain cards elicit certain information Card 4 = male-female relationships 12F = emotions about the self Poor standardization of administration Story Before, now, thinking/feeling, outcome Verbatim responses, reaction time

TAT Scoring Hero Needs Press Themes Outcomes Differences expected to reflect differences in people (note other factors)

Psychometrics Inconsistent and unclear findings High reliability figures for certain needs Poor split-half and test-retest reliability Content-related validity ok Criterion-related validity poor

Alternative Apperception Tests Southern Mississippi TAT Family of Man photos Children’s Apperception Test (CAT) Age 3 to 10 Animal figures

Nonpictoral Projectives Word Association Test Hat, lamp, love, father, paper, masturbation, chair, breast, car, penis, suicide Kent and Rosanoff 100 words, standardization sample Rappaport, Gill, and Chafer (1966) 60 items Normed

Sentence Completion Tasks Complete a stem May reveal more than in an interview Recurring themes of conflict or pathological thought Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank 40 stems, 7-point scoring

Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank 1) If only I could... 2) People I know... 3) I can always... 4) I think guys... 5) What makes me sad is... 6) I think girls...

Figure Drawing Tests Draw-A-Person Draw and tell a story House-Tree-Person Test Story Kinetic Family Drawing Scoring: Absolute size, relative size, omissions, disproportions Post-drawing inquiry

Draw a Person 15 year old girl with concern about facial acne 3b.html