Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME PROJECT Mainstreaming Conservation of Coastal Biodiversity through Formulation of a Code of Conduct for Sustainable Management of Mangrove Ecosystems Centre for Tropical Ecosystems Research (cenTER Aarhus) University of Aarhus, Denmark and International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Okinawa, Japan

Content Brief History Brief History Methodology Methodology Current Status Current Status Current Activities Current Activities Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Brief History A desk review was undertaken in January-February 2001 on mangrove biodiversity and conservation to formulate information and guidance materials as the basis for developing a Code of Conduct for Sustainable Mangrove Forest Management (the Code) for World Bank staff, development partners, and clients. A desk review was undertaken in January-February 2001 on mangrove biodiversity and conservation to formulate information and guidance materials as the basis for developing a Code of Conduct for Sustainable Mangrove Forest Management (the Code) for World Bank staff, development partners, and clients. Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Brief History A draft review was submitted to the World Bank in March A draft review was submitted to the World Bank in March The review was supported by model country case studies from Malaysia and Thailand and later, the Philippines. The review was supported by model country case studies from Malaysia and Thailand and later, the Philippines. The country case studies were based on a structured template and were prepared by national experts assisted by the consultants. The country case studies were based on a structured template and were prepared by national experts assisted by the consultants. Originally intended as a field tool, it was then decided to expand this work into a broader, practical Code of Conduct for use by all mangrove managers. Originally intended as a field tool, it was then decided to expand this work into a broader, practical Code of Conduct for use by all mangrove managers. Citation: Macintosh DJ and Ashton EC (2002). A Review of Mangrove Biodiversity Conservation and Management. Centre for Tropical Ecosystems Research, University of Aarhus, Denmark (PDF File) Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Program of Activities to prepare the Draft Code of Conduct The work was undertaken by consultants from ISME (International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, based in Okinawa Japan) in association with cenTER Aarhus (Centre for Tropical Ecosystems Research, University of Aarhus, Denmark). The work was undertaken by consultants from ISME (International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, based in Okinawa Japan) in association with cenTER Aarhus (Centre for Tropical Ecosystems Research, University of Aarhus, Denmark). ISME operates four regional centres in Brazil, Fiji, Ghana, and India, while cenTER Aarhus has offices in Bangkok (Thailand), Hanoi (Vietnam) and Cantho (Vietnam). ISME operates four regional centres in Brazil, Fiji, Ghana, and India, while cenTER Aarhus has offices in Bangkok (Thailand), Hanoi (Vietnam) and Cantho (Vietnam). Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

WORKPLAN Four Tasks (Activities) are specified: ACTIVITY 1 ACTIVITY 1 –Complete Case Studies for 11 more countries (total 14) ACTIVITY 2 ACTIVITY 2 –Consult policy makers, managers and mangrove experts to prioritize topics for a draft Code of Conduct. ACTIVITY 3 ACTIVITY 3 –Undertake 3 regional workshops for South and Southeast Asia, Africa and Central and South America ACTIVITY 4 ACTIVITY 4 –Formulate a draft Code of Conduct for consideration by WB, other agencies and governments Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

14 Country Case Studies were proposed (i.e. 3 from the review phase, plus 11 additional countries) South and Southeast Asia Bangladesh Bangladesh India India Malaysia Malaysia Philippines Philippines Thailand Thailand Vietnam Vietnam an Australian Case Study was also added in January 2006 an Australian Case Study was also added in January 2006 Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Country Case Studies Africa Benin Benin Ghana Ghana Kenya Kenya Mozambique Mozambique Senegal Senegal Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Country Case Studies Central and South America Brazil Brazil Colombia Colombia Ecuador Ecuador Nicaragua (not started) Nicaragua (not started) Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Country Case Study Template 1. Brief background to the country –Regional setting –Size –History –Population –Mangrove resources and biodiversity Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

2. Give examples of the cross-sectoral issues involved in mangrove management –Forestry –Fisheries –Aquaculture –Other sectors (e.g. agriculture, mining) –Coastal protection –Tourism and recreation –Biodiversity conservation –Research and education –Others Country Case Study Template Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Country Case Study Template 3. Provide information on the existing legislation –Regulatory frameworks –Laws and legal status –Zoning plans –Any other actions enacted by governments to protect mangroves (Copies of any written legislation covering mangrove wetlands would be very helpful). Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Country Case Study Template 4. Institutional responsibilities for mangroves 5. Implementation Issues – –Are the policy measures working well, or is enforcement and/or other measures still inadequate? Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Country Case Study Template 6. Co-operation, feedback mechanisms and monitoring Co-management and other initiatives Co-management and other initiatives Role of major stakeholders. Explain how far consultation and co- operation among the main stakeholders have been achieved to date, namely: Role of major stakeholders. Explain how far consultation and co- operation among the main stakeholders have been achieved to date, namely: –Government departments and agencies –Local coastal communities –Private sector interests –NGOs –International community and agencies Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Country Case Study Template 7. Other problems/constraints or achievements Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Conducted 3 Regional Consultation Workshops Ghana, Brazil, Thailand Ghana, Brazil, Thailand Each regional workshop brought together 8-10 national representatives and mangrove experts from each of the three regions, in order to combine knowledge of the legal framework for mangroves in each country with practical experiences from mangrove ecosystem management. Each regional workshop brought together 8-10 national representatives and mangrove experts from each of the three regions, in order to combine knowledge of the legal framework for mangroves in each country with practical experiences from mangrove ecosystem management. Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Present Status Based on the work-plan, plus follow-up consultations with participants from the three Regional Workshops, the Draft Code of Conduct developed into a document with 15 major Articles, plus introductory sections, a glossary of terminology used in mangrove management, and a reference list. Based on the work-plan, plus follow-up consultations with participants from the three Regional Workshops, the Draft Code of Conduct developed into a document with 15 major Articles, plus introductory sections, a glossary of terminology used in mangrove management, and a reference list. This draft document was then reviewed during a final workshop in Washington DC, September This draft document was then reviewed during a final workshop in Washington DC, September The Washington workshop recommended that the consultation process should continue and be diversified (e.g. to more actively include NGO’s, as well as inputs from additional regions). The Washington workshop recommended that the consultation process should continue and be diversified (e.g. to more actively include NGO’s, as well as inputs from additional regions). Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Draft Code of Conduct Prepared by Macintosh D. J. and Ashton E. C. Table of Contents Preface Preface Introduction Introduction Principle 1: Mangrove Management Objectives Principle 1: Mangrove Management Objectives Principle 2: Precautionary Approach to management Principle 2: Precautionary Approach to management Principle 3: Legal Framework Principle 3: Legal Framework Principle 4: Implementation Principle 4: Implementation Principle 5: Mangrove Inventory for management Principle 5: Mangrove Inventory for management Principle 6: Socio-Economic Considerations Principle 6: Socio-Economic Considerations Principle 7: Cultural and community Issues Principle 7: Cultural and community Issues Principle 8: Capacity Development Principle 8: Capacity Development Principle 9: Forestry/Silviculture management Principle 9: Forestry/Silviculture management Principle 10: Fisheries and Aquaculture Principle 10: Fisheries and Aquaculture Principle 11: Agriculture, Salt production and mining Principle 11: Agriculture, Salt production and mining Principle 12: Tourism, Recreation and Education Principle 12: Tourism, Recreation and Education Principle 13: Mangrove Products and Responsible Trade Principle 13: Mangrove Products and Responsible Trade Principle 14 Mangrove Research and information exchange Principle 14 Mangrove Research and information exchange Principle 15: Integration of Mangrove Management into Coastal Area Management Principle 15: Integration of Mangrove Management into Coastal Area Management Glossary Glossary References References Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Current Objectives 1. Continue to develop additional or alternative practical examples of mangrove management to illustrate the Principles. 2. Develop mechanisms to ensure that the Principles are widely accepted and used to support sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems. 3. Support the adaptation and use of the Code of Conduct as a tool, particularly at the national to local community levels. 3. Formal recognition and /or adoption of the Principles by International organizations (e.g. Ramsar, FAO, WWF, IUCN) Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Field testing of the Principles in Vietnam and Brazil Women collecting oysters in the Mangrove in Brazil Replanted Mangrove, Red River Delta, Vietnam Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Field testing of the Principles in Vietnam and Brazil It is intended that the Principles will be adapted for use by each country It is intended that the Principles will be adapted for use by each country Field testing of the Principles is on-going in Vietnam and Brazil Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Field testing of the Principles in Vietnam and Brazil VIETNAM Translation and adaptation of the Principles for Vietnam Translation and adaptation of the Principles for Vietnam Stakeholder workshop and presentation of the Principles in northern Vietnam, October 2005 Stakeholder workshop and presentation of the Principles in northern Vietnam, October 2005 Field testing by selected stakeholders, managers in 4 coastal communes in Thai Binh and Nam Dinh Provinces Field testing by selected stakeholders, managers in 4 coastal communes in Thai Binh and Nam Dinh Provinces Collation of feedback Collation of feedback BRAZIL A discussion and adoptation process has been initiated with key Brazilian NGO‘s to develop a fully participatory Code of Conduct Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Rationale We are looking from comments from Mangrove Experts, Local Decision Makers and NGO’s, and people with an interest in mangrove conservation and protection. Please provide us with your address and we will send you a file copy to comment on of the FULL Principles document or the simple and condensed Vietnamese language version. Please provide your adr to – Thomas Nielsen Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Feedback received to date FAO FAO IUCN Bangladesh IUCN Bangladesh Centre for African Wetlands Centre for African Wetlands South Asia Cooperative Environment Program, Sri Lanka South Asia Cooperative Environment Program, Sri Lanka Coastal Poor Development Action Network, Chennai India Coastal Poor Development Action Network, Chennai India Marine and Coastal Program, UNEP/WCMC Marine and Coastal Program, UNEP/WCMC UNEP Africa UNEP Africa National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) RAMSAR RAMSAR Sunderbans Biodiversity Conservation Project (SBCP) Sunderbans Biodiversity Conservation Project (SBCP) Struggle to Economise Future Environments (SEFE) Cameroon Struggle to Economise Future Environments (SEFE) Cameroon United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWF) United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWF) Wetland Forest Peoples Programme, UK Wetland Forest Peoples Programme, UK Lewis Environmental Consultants Lewis Environmental Consultants Other private and institutional consultants Other private and institutional consultants Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Feedback received to date (contd) Terramar (NGO), Brazil Terramar (NGO), Brazil Federal University of Pará, Brazil Federal University of Pará, Brazil Bio-Terra, Maranhao (NGO), Brazil Bio-Terra, Maranhao (NGO), Brazil Red Manglar (NGO), Ecuador Red Manglar (NGO), Ecuador Association of the Artisanal fisheries of Angoche District (NGO), Mozambique Association of the Artisanal fisheries of Angoche District (NGO), Mozambique Community Council of the Fisheries in Angoche District (NGO), Mozambique Community Council of the Fisheries in Angoche District (NGO), Mozambique Reserva Especial de Marromeu (NGO), Mozambique Reserva Especial de Marromeu (NGO), Mozambique Ministry for Coordination of Environmental Affairs, Mozambique Ministry for Coordination of Environmental Affairs, Mozambique Ministry of Agriculture, Mozambique Ministry of Agriculture, Mozambique National Directorate for Conservation Areas, Mozambique National Directorate for Conservation Areas, Mozambique WWF, Mozambique WWF, Mozambique Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Feedback received to date (contd) Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Corporation (SEAFDEC) Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Corporation (SEAFDEC) Thailand Environment Institute (NGO) Thailand Environment Institute (NGO) Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Thailand Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Thailand Representatives from coastal communities in Thailand Representatives from coastal communities in Thailand Mangrove Ecosystem Research Division, Vietnam National University, Vietnam Mangrove Ecosystem Research Division, Vietnam National University, Vietnam Center for Environmental Research and Education, Vietnam Center for Environmental Research and Education, Vietnam Vietnamese Red Cross, Vietnam Vietnamese Red Cross, Vietnam International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC) Vietnam International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC) Vietnam CARE Vietnam (NGO) CARE Vietnam (NGO) Local representatives from several coastal communities in north Vietnam Local representatives from several coastal communities in north Vietnam Research Network for Development Research, Denmark Research Network for Development Research, Denmark Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Suggestion for handling comments Specific comments on articles, case studies (corrections, additions) Specific comments on articles, case studies (corrections, additions) Suggested improvements to boxed examples illustrating mangrove management experiences Suggested improvements to boxed examples illustrating mangrove management experiences Technical issues and ”how to do” material suitable for a manual on mangrove management Technical issues and ”how to do” material suitable for a manual on mangrove management Institutional collaboration, ownership, adoption of the code and related procedural matters Institutional collaboration, ownership, adoption of the code and related procedural matters Other suggestions related to follow up activities Other suggestions related to follow up activities Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

To Download DRAFT CODE and Regional Workshop Reports, as well as comments from other International Organizations go to: Comments to: Professor Donald J. Macintosh Centre for Tropical Ecosystems Research (cenTER) University of Aarhus, Denmark Mr Thomas Nielsen (cenTER Manager) Centre for Tropical Ecosystems Research (cenTER) University of Aarhus, Denmark All s to be copied to: World Bank Task Team Manager – Ron Zweig Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

Do Not Cut the Mangrove! Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME

To Download DRAFT CODE and Regional Workshop Reports, as well as comments from other International Organizations, go to: Comments to: Professor Donald J. Macintosh Centre for Tropical Ecosystems Research (cenTER) University of Aarhus, Denmark Mr Thomas Nielsen (cenTER Manager) Centre for Tropical Ecosystems Research (cenTER) University of Aarhus, Denmark All s to be copied to: World Bank Task Team Manager – Ron Zweig Principles for a Mangrove Code of Conduct, cenTER Aarhus and ISME