20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 Status of EFDA-JET and Plans for 2005/06 and Beyond Michael Watkins Head of Programme EFDA Close Support Unit 9 May 2005, 20th IEA LTA ExCom, PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 European Fusion Development Agreement Purpose of EFDA Fusion Technology R&D EU contribution to ITER Collective use of JET Annual expenditure on JET ~ 75 M€ (75% from EURATOM) All EU Laboratories/Institutions working on Fusion are parties to EFDA (including Poland and Slovenia) Agreements extend up to 31/12/2006 JET programme from 2007 (FP7) under consideration Major enhancements approved Commission proposal includes JET UKAEA is the Operator of the JET Facilities

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 International Collaborations: 2004 Hardware Software Joint experiments Area Diagnostics RF systems Specific topic MSE, CX, Reflectometry, Fast ADCs, Lost a detector, HRTS, TAE antenna CX, neutron detectors,  detectors, NPA High Power Prototype of ICRF antenna, ITER-like ICRH antenna Collaborators 12 from US 9 from RF 7 from US Transport codes TRANSP, NCLASS, JETTO, SOLPS5(B2.5), EDGE2D, ESC EDGE2D/NIMBUS, SOLPS5.0, ASTRA NPA 8 from US 3 from RF 2 from RF Diagnostic software Participation in co- ordinated multi- machine experiments 8 from US 1 from JA Specific competencies Analysis of JET data Fast ions, TAEs, Cascades He enrichment, isotope changeover Electron channel transport 6 from US 2 from US 2 from RF & 1 from PRC ITBs,  -scaling, NTMs, pedestal physics, RWMs, error fields, LH transition Pedestal physics

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 Content of talk Shutdown Scientific Programme Longer Term programme

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 Significant Upgrade of JET Scientific Capabilities in MkII-HD divertor (high triangularity, high power operation) - 3 dB couplers for ELM resilience on 2 of the 4 existing ICRH A2 antennas - Improved Neutral Beam neutralisers ( MW) - 14 (+2) new or upgraded diagnostics / systems - Disruption mitigation valve ITER-like ICRH antenna - External conjugate-T for ELM resilience on remaining ICRH A2 antennas - LHCD control electronic refurbishment - Smaller diagnostics

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 Handle up to 40MW power for 10s with strike point sweeping More flexibility for ITER matched triangularity plasmas (  U ~0.44,  L ~0.56) at higher I p (3.5-4MA) Refurbishment of divertor diagnostics Operation in 2005 Power handling with ITER-like plasma shapes: modified divertor (MkII-HD) being installed ITER shape High  Plasma High Field Side Gap Closure tiles: protect divertor diagnostic cables Load Bearing Septum Replacement tiles: Increased power handling

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 JET Neutral Beam Heating Upgrade 2003 New switch mode power supplies, each rated at 130kV/130 A, 20s pulse length to supply each two 130kV/60A PINIs (upgraded from140kV/30A) Voltage output regulation < 1% All power and control electronics (e.g.invertors) are at ground potential => PSs built by JEMA, Spain  A record JET NB power (D 0 ) of 22.7MW was achieved on 22/1/04  up to 25 MW maximum power expected in 2005

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 ICRF System : improved ELM resilience and test of ITER-relevant schemes => MW A B C D 3 dB couplers ITER-like antenna External conjugate T Internal conjugate T 2006

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 ICRH coupling to ELMy plasma improved with conjugate-T matching scheme Conjugate T matching cleaner, more reliable

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 ELM resilient Conjugate-T antenna with Internal Matching High Power Density ~7MW additional power ~40kV Antenna straps Capacitors ~5-6 kV Challenging Project: Voltage Stand-Off in Capacitors (High) Precision C tuning for Matching Forces during disruptions ELM Resilient ITER-like ICRH antenna under construction (operation in 2006) R.Goulding, ORNL Antenna Prototype tests Durodie, Lamalle/ERM-KMS, this conference

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 Sixteen Diagnostics Enhancements Projects being installed, to be operational in 2005/06  Halo sensors and magnetics (ENEA-RFX/Create)  High Resolution Thomson Scattering (ENEA-RFX) (US collaboration)  CXRS core (UKAEA) (US collaboration)  Microwave access (IST,CNR-Milano, FOM, IPP)  Vertical bolometer camera (IPP)  Tritium retention studies diagnostics (UKAEA, TEKES, FZJ, IPP, VR)  Edge Current Profile (UKAEA, VR, CEA, IST)  IR camera viewing system (CEA, ENEA)  TAE antennae / high n modes (CRPP) (US collaboration)  Magnetic Proton Recoil (VR, CNR-Milano, IST)  Neutron Time Of Flight TOFOR (VR, CNR-Milano, IST)  Lost alphas (IPP) (US collaboration)  Fast Digitizers (IST, UKAEA) (US collaboration)  Disruption mitigation (FZJ, UKAEA) + Collaborations with Russian Federation on neutron, , NPA diagnostics

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 New High Resolution Thomson Scattering Components being installed: 1.Vacuum window 2.Lasers 3.Optical benches 4.Optical fibres 5.Spectrometers (US)

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 New Bolometers Installation imminent

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May contributions to conferences, 71 journal submissions in 2004 JET Contributions to conferences in 2004 (total 362) Journal papers submitted to Pinboard in 2004 (total 71)

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 Content of talk Shutdown Scientific Programme Longer Term programme

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 Timetable Shutdown, Restart and High Level Commissioning 2004/05 Shutdown started: 6 March 2004 Expect pump-down: early July 2005 High Level Commissioning/Restart Contingency: 7 November 2005 Experimental Programme Schedule end 2005 / early 2006 Campaigns C15, C16 and C November to 16 December 2005 (18 S/T days, plus 2 days maintenance) - 9 January to 10 March 2006 (42 S/T days, plus 3 days maintenance) - 13 March to 12 April 2006 (20 S/T days, plus 3 days maintenance) OR - 21 August to 18 September 2006 (16 S/T days, plus 3 days maintenance) Call for Proposals 31 Jan 2005 Proposals selected and Experiments’ Schedule for Campaigns C15-C17 prepared Call for participation 15 June 2005 Campaigns C15-C17 finalised, including staffing (basis for Contacts)

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 EFDA-JET Workprogrammes 2005/06: Basis for the Scientific Programme 2. Critical issues for ITER Characterise discharges in preparation for change of wall/divertor materials Characterise disruptions Characterise ELM behaviour and edge pedestal in ELMy H-mode Measure tritium retention and migration Establish level of off-axis current with off-axis NBI and/or MC-ICRH) and quantify degree of rotation achieved with low momentum input Quantify physics governing rotational stabilisation of RWMs Control core MHD (fishbones) typical of hybrid regimes Design tolerable ELMs (potentially impacting detailed design of ITER components, e.g. first wall, heating & current drive systems, diagnostics..) Exploit fully the LH system High-level commissioning of the ITER-like ICRH antenna Commissioning of the MkII HD divertor Commissioning of new/upgraded diagnostics and systems 1. Bring new systems to full performance (divertor, diagnostics, LH launcher and 3dB couplers in early 2006; ITER-like ICRH antenna and conjugate-T after 2006 shutdown) High-level commissioning of the ICRH system (3dB couplers and conjugate-T) to full power High-level commissioning of the LH system to full power

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May Specific physics issues of direct relevance to ITER (exploiting unique features of JET) Explore new burning plasma physics Determine transport physics implications for ITER 3. Preparation of ITER operating scenarios Extend ELMy H-mode operation at high triangularity to high current Extend scaling of ELMy H-mode confinement at low  to lowest  *, n e * and highest  Develop a robust steady-state non- inductive scenario with acceptable edge / confinement making full use of real-time control Demonstrate portability, fuelling and  limits of the hybrid scenario Begin to establish reference scenarios ahead of the proposed change of wall/divertor materials EFDA-JET Workprogrammes 2005/06: Basis for the Scientific Programme

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 Experimental and Modelling Proposals for Campaigns of late 2005 / early proposals (requesting ~500 sessions), including 2 Hungary, 3 Poland, 1 Bulgaria, 1 Turkey, 40 US, 6 Japan, 3 RF

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 TF S1:Consolidation of ITER database and reference scenarios A. Sips (IPP, Garching); R. Buttery (UKAEA, Culham); T. Loarer (CEA, Cadarache);H.Nordman D.Frigione TF S2:ITER Advanced Scenarios X.Litaudon (CEA, Cadarache); C. Challis (UKAEA, Culham); F.Crisanti (ENEA, Frascati); & D.Moreau TF M:MHD S.Pinches (IPP, Garching); R. Koslowski (FZJ, Jülich); & S.Arshad TF H:Heating J. Ongena (ERM/KMS, Brussels); J. Mailloux (UKAEA, Culham); & D. Moreau TF E:Exhaust R.Pitts(CRPP-EPFL,Lausanne); W.Fundamenski(UKAEA,Culham); V.Philipps(FZJ,Jülich); & B.Goncalves TF D:Diagnostics A.Murari(RFX,Padova);J.Brzozowski(VR, Sweden);E.delaLuna(CIEMAT,Madrid);R.Pasqualotto B.Goncalves TF T:Transport P. Mantica (ENEA, Milano); P. Strand (VR, Sweden); V. Naulin (Riso, Denmark); & H. Nordman TF FT:Fusion Technology C. Grisolia (CEA, Cadarache); P. Coad (UKAEA); & G. Piazza, S.Rosanvallon TF DT:Deuterium-Tritium Operation K-D. Zastrow (UKAEA, Culham); & M. L. Watkins Task Force Leaders/Deputies & CSU ROs

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May Task Force T modelling proposals Experimental Proposals for Campaigns of late 2005 / early 2006

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 Content of talk Shutdown Scientific Programme Longer Term programme

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 Until ITER starts: JET still has significant technical capabilities which can be used to prepare for ITER operation On short-term (2005/2006), JET’s scientific capabilities are being extended, with construction of: “ ITER-like ” antenna and new plasma diagnostics JET’s key components (vacuum vessel, magnets) have not been used for more than 15% of their fatigue lifetime, although regular maintenance is needed on auxiliaries On longer term ( ), JET can be used: to develop further operating scenarios in conditions closest to those of ITER; to optimise more ITER auxiliaries Requires “ ITER-like ” wall conditions and increased heating power

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 “ ITER-like” wall experiment on JET Only JET can prepare ITER operation with the relevant materials combination Decide as late as possible (2007)

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 Improve edge modelling capability Mach Probe Limited Physical Erosion and Deposition Deposition Chemical Erosion Net Erosion, physical and chemical tile analysis QMB Erosion? Improved modelling (eg. of erosion, re-deposition, flows, ELM buffering…) is essential for various first wall materials

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May MW 40s 30s 20s 10s 0 Upgrade of Oct 4 and 8 to MW each, 20s, co-injection only 2005 NB (co-injection only), 2 boxes 25MW 10s, or 1 box after the other 12MW 2x10s, co-injection only Maximum Neutral Beam Power after Upgrade (approved on 4 April 2005)

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 ITER will operate with transient loads near (ELMs) and beyond (disruptions) material damage thresholds JET just reaches this regime with  W ELM ~ 1 MJ ELMs ELMs have to be mitigated Methods of mitigation - natural (Type-II, EDA, Grassy, Type-III, QH,…) - externally imposed (pellets, impurity seeding, perturbation coils,...)

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 D-T Integrated Experiment Plasma scenarios ITER-like in ITER-like Wall experiment configurations Plasma scenario- wall compatibility D-T test of fully wall-compatible scenarios Confirmation of reduced T-retention Proposed JET Programme NB Power Upgrade LHCD PAM Coupler PF system upgrade Diagnostics & RTC Pellet injector (ELM pacing) Magnetic Perturbation Coils ITER-like wall (Be 1 st wall, W(C) divertor) Wall diagnostics Detritiation techniques Fully integrated optimised performance Physics at high  N, low (  *, *), T e ~T i and reduced rotation Scaling of core and edge Control of profiles n, T, j towards long pulse/S.S. ITER relevant plasma control Disruption and ELM mitigation Management of core impurities Reduce fuel retention (D and FTE) Be and W erosion and migration Mixed materials issues Wall behaviour (Melt layer, vapour shielding etc.) Detritiation Radiative divertor scenarios in the absence of carbon DT qualification of ITER-relevant scenarios Preparation for Burning Plasma Physics ITER-relevant H&CD and Burning Plasma Diagnostics

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 Proposed JET Programme in Support of ITER Strong focus on preparing ITER detailed design and ITER exploitation, including the commissioning and initial operation of an ITER-like ICRH antenna and preparation for proposed changes of wall/divertor materials and increased heating power  Installation & exploitation of JET-EP enhancements, including diagnostics 2008 Shutdown Installation of major new capabilities  “ITER-like” wall  NB power upgrade  High frequency pellet injector  Diagnostics  Other small enhancements (tbd) EFDA Steering Committee approved first three Experimentation in

20th IEA LTA ExCom M. L. Watkins PPPL, Princeton, NJ, USA, 9 May 2005 Conclusions JET’s programme is focused on the preparation of ITER operation, building on significant progress in the development of plasma scenarios and in physics. The scientific capability of the device is being improved significantly this year and next year (heating, diagnostics, divertor). A programme based on an “ITER-like” wall and increased heating power is being prepared for 2007 and beyond (FP7). EFDA Steering Committee recently approved “ITER-like” wall, Neutral Beam and Pellet projects. Diagnostic proposals still under elaboration. Other possible proposals being defined.