Africa & the Age of the Atlantic Slave Trade Chapter 20 pg

the Sudan (savannas of W. Af) Swahili Coast (E. Africa) Asante Dahomey Kongo Hausa & Yoruba

The Atlantic Slave Trade Portugal established pattern mirrored by other Europeans –Factories First contact based on mutually beneficial trade of goods Atlantic slave trade result of historical progression

Trend Toward Expansion 12 million Africans shipped on Middle Passage b/t –1700s great age of Atlantic slavery Sugar = impetus for expansion –Brazil, Caribbean –Demographics perpetuates trade

Demographic Patterns Male slaves preferred in Atlantic Female slaves preferred in Africa & Middle East Trade’s impact on population hotly debated

Organization of the Trade Control reflected situation in Europe European mortality & complex routes of trade prevented domination by either side Triangle Trade

African Societies How did the Atlantic slave trade change earlier slave patterns already inherent in African society?

Slaving & African Politics Expansion of states & slaving wars both a cause & result of Atlantic trade –Slaving societies vs. Slaved societies Role of the gun ↔ slave cycle

Asante & Dahomey Political & cultural development parallel Europe’s in many ways Yet economies became increasingly dominated by slave trade ex: ↳Asante ↳Dahomey

East Africa & the Sudan E. Af Area of competing interests: African, Middle Eastern, European –luxury items & slaves still largely for Middle Eastern markets Sudan Renewed Islamization further changed culture & intensified slavery

South Africa Little affected by slave trade Whites Competitive climate for land –Bantu farmers in interior, Dutch Boers/Afrikaners create coastal outpost but pushed to interior by British colonists Africans (Mfecane & Zulu) Shaka Zulu organized militarized tribal expansion that either unified or destroyed rivals –Clashed w/ Portuguese to East & Boers/British to South –Established patterns b/t Af & Europeans

The African Diaspora Diaspora = Slavery became vehicle for globalized Africa Slave Lives destruction of village → march to coast → loaded on ships → Middle Passage

Africans in the Americas African slaves performed all jobs, but agriculture dominated In places, slaves outnumbered whites creating fear & tighter controls

American Slave Societies Slaveholders racially organized society –Whites –American-born & Mulatto slaves –African-born slaves slaves organized society by ethnicity African-born slaves were larger part of population in Latin America, thus had greater influence

People & Gods in Exile African culture remained important although fused with other beliefs –Religion Resistance more common in Latin America than N. America

End of Slave Trade & Abolition Abolition movements come from outside forces (Enlightenment) Economic self-interest was not major force ending slave trade –1807: slave trade abolished –1888: world slavery abolished

Global Connections Africa enters the world economy, for better or worse Africa forced to adapt in ways that weakened it & aided colonization Legacy of the slave trade lingers long after slavery was abolished