Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (5th Ed) Chapter 6 Perception James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers

Perception zSelective Attention focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

Perceptual Organization- Gestalt zVisual Capture ytendency for vision to dominate the other senses zGrouping ythe perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

Perceptual Organization- Gestalt zGestalt- an organized whole ytendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes zGrouping Principles yproximity- group nearby figures together ysimilarity- group figures that are similar ycontinuity- perceive continuous patterns yclosure- fill in gaps yconnectedness- spots, lines and areas are seen as unit when connected

Perceptual Organization zFigure and Ground organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)

PerceptualOrganization- Gestalt Groupings

zGestalt grouping principles are at work here.

Perceptual Organization- Depth Perception zDepth Perception yability to see objects in three dimensions yallows us to judge distance zBinocular cues yretinal disparity ximages from the two eyes differ xcloser the object, the larger the disparity yconvergence xneuromuscular cue xtwo eyes move inward for near objects

Perceptual Organization- Depth Perception zMonocular Cues yrelative size xsmaller image is more distant yinterposition xcloser object blocks distant object yrelative clarity xhazy object seen as more distant ytexture coarse --> close fine --> distant

Perceptual Organization- Depth Perception Visual Cliff

Perceptual Organization- Depth Perception Relative Size

Perceptual Organization- Depth Perception

zMonocular Cues (cont.) yrelative height xhigher objects seen as more distant yrelative motion xcloser objects seem to move faster ylinear perspective xparallel lines converge with distance yrelative brightness xcloser objects appear brighter

Perceptual Organization- Depth Perception Perspective Techniques

Perceptual Constancy zPerceptual Constancy yperceiving objects as unchanging despite changes in retinal image xcolor xshape xsize

Perceptual Organization

Perceptual Organization- Muller-Lyer Illusion

Perceptual Organization- Size-Distance Relationship

Perceptual Organization- Brightness Contrast

Sensory Restriction- Blakemore & Cooper, 1970 zKittens raised without exposure to horizontal lines later had difficulty perceiving horizontal bars.

Perceptual Interpretation zPerceptual Adaptation y(vision) ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual field xprism glasses zPerceptual Set ya mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

Perceptual Set- Schemas zWhat you see in the center is influenced by perceptual set

Perceptual Set- Schemas Flying Saucers or Clouds?

Perception without Sensation? zExtrasensory Perception ycontroversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input xtelepathy xclairvoyance xprecognition zParapsychology ythe study of paranormal phenomena xESP xpsychokinesis