Study Materials Fall 2011 TEST #2 American Deaf Culture ASL 125 Lecturer Clyde Vincent

Deaf in America Voices from a Culture CAROL PADDEN, TOM HUMPHRIES Introduction 1. Learning to Be Deaf 2. Images of Being 3. A Different Center 4. Living in Others' World 5. A Changing Consciousness 6. The Meaning of Sound 7. Historically Created Lives References Index

Purpose: to stress the fact that culture is learned, and discover what it is that Deaf Children learn It is very helpful in understanding the culture to look at children’s “errors”, which are not in fact really errors but clear attempts to apply what they are learning from their culture.

As infants we begin to acquire our culture from those around us - our parents siblings relatives friends teachers The wisdom of the group is passed down from generation to generation. Not only is culture learned, but it is shared with a very large group.

The Deaf person’s own family life “others” being all around. learning about the minds of others. “DEAF” at home referred to “us”. going to school had a different meaning, “not like us”. others “had an affliction”. the self as “unmarked” prior to others’ definition of them.

The meaning of deafness deaf deaf dEaf dEaF dEAF DEAF Deaf DEAF deaf

Learn about the minds of others

Cultures limit the capacity to know. The meaning of deafness.The meaning of deafness. Culture interaction based on speaking.Culture interaction based on speaking. Learning what things are supposed to mean and how to think about relationships between events.Learning what things are supposed to mean and how to think about relationships between events. Guided by the conventions of their culture.Guided by the conventions of their culture. Different ways the “recipes” and “instructions” of their worlds guide the perceptions and theories.Different ways the “recipes” and “instructions” of their worlds guide the perceptions and theories.

Deaf Students Experiencing Severe Emotional Disturbance INTERNALIZATION

Internalization Response to outside attitudes. Alienation from others. Pride of their group identification.

Exposure to Culture – Deaf Culture Theory of themselves Theory of “others” Theory “others” hold about them New Term = AUDISM

Identification and Marginalization Blaming the system Attitudinal problems?????? Low-verbal deaf Uneducated deaf Products of the system Changing terms High functioning Low functioning Highly visual oriented Lowly visual oriented

1. To discover the imagery that Deaf people use to talk about their origin. 2. To understand the basic beliefs Deaf people have about the essentials for being.

Images of Being It takes a long time to recognize about origins of self. It retells through years and years. It is a structure to provide a sense of continuity to the community. It is the “carriers” of history and knowledge to pass on.

Meanings of Deaf and “deaf” Culturally-lingually Deaf “deaf” Different labels explanation for these errors (little/very HH) official definition

The central point of reference Conventions for describing relationships 1.between conditions and identities 2.alignment toward a different center 3.“exceptional” Deaf people

As the first recipient of the Powrie V. Doctor Chair of Deaf Studies at Gallaudet University, Leo wrote the revolutionary book, “A Deaf Adult Speaks Out”, the very first book about the Deaf Community from a Deaf educator's point of view. This very popular title is currently in its third printing and is still widely recognized and used over 30 years later.

Leo Jacobs’s categories of deaf people Average deaf adults Pre-lingually deaf adults Post-lingually deaf adults Products of system/program/school “Heafie” (hearing – deaf) “oral failure”

Of, by, and for the Deaf The group’s official name for itself To specify “of the Deaf” in their names To run by the Deaf

“Disabled” as a label Political self-representations and goals Language of “access” and “civil rights” “disabled” not as a primary term of self- identification Advantageous label for discounts or grants

The term “disability” is mentioned Deaf people have strong objections to this label. Many gladly would receive services and benefits available under this label.

Therapists/professionals must avoid stereotypical pictures of deafness and focus on the individual within.

Chapter 4: Living in Others’ World Associated with Leading Hearing figures

Chapter 5 Deaf in America, Voices from A Culture

Edgar Shroyer

Chapter 7 Historically Created Lives all cultures are historically created the importance of being connected to the past There are disconnections with the past due to lack of language, communication, isolation and social deprivation.

Battling against lives proposed by others endured through many generations rebuked others’ beliefs about what kinds of lives mocked ideal of the “restored to society” lived almost entirely within the world of others

Shifted away from residential schools to mainstreaming movement Residential schools Mainstreaming schools

American Sign Language Sign Language System

Deaf children need to have access to adult models of a human language.