Why was there a succession crisis? 1.Scotland 1286-96: Who should be the next king? Copy key timeline 1286 Choosing Guardians 1290 Getting English support : Treaty of Birgham Death of Maid of Norway asking Edward I of England to choose next king : Norham Great Cause = choosing the next king

Why was there a succession crisis? Alexander III died suddenly No male heir Lots of Scottish rivals eg Bruce, Balliol, Comyn Likely civil war BUT Young, granddaughter heir = Margaret ‘maid of Norway’ 1284 nobles had promised to have her as Queen

Why was there a succession crisis? Alexander III ... No ... Lots of Scottish rivals eg ... Likely ____ war BUT Young, granddaughter heir = ... 1284 nobles had promised to ...

Did the Treaty of Birgham give up Scots independence? YES Scotland weaker English king’s son to marry Margaret English king her great grand uncle So now had x2 ‘claims’ to control Scotland Scottish nobles much weaker than Edward NO Treaty very specific: Scotland ‘separate’ Elections for Church free from York Nobles paid homage only for land in England Criminals only tried in Scotland Scots seal No Scottish parliaments outside Scotland, no taxes paid to Eng Task: Make a Treaty of Birgham scroll Summarise main parts Illustrate each one with a symbol

Did the Treaty of Birgham give up Scots independence? YES Scotland weaker English king’s son to marry ... English king her great grand uncle So now had x2 ‘claims’ to control Scotland Scottish nobles much weaker than Edward NO Treaty very specific: Scotland = Elections for Church = Nobles paid homage only for = Criminals only tried in = Scots had their... No Scottish ..., no taxes paid to ... Task: Make a Treaty of Birgham scroll Summarise main parts Illustrate each one with a symbol

Richard and Judy game Balliol Bruce Birgham Edward I Wallace Comyn Margaret Eric William the Lion Archbishop of York

Why did the Scots ask Edward to choose the next king? Treaty of Birgham careful to make Scotland independent. BUT asking Edward I of England to choose Scots king = dangerous (it’s what an overlord would do) So why? Margaret died 1290 Birgham = not usable Civil war in Scotland = Robert Bruce, Earl of Mar, Earl of Athol So... Letter from Bishop of St Andrews asking for help to stop civil war So... Letter from Bruce ‘Appeal of the 7 Earls’ asking to be chosen as king

Why did the Scots ask Edward to choose the next king? Treaty of Birgham careful to make Scotland independent. BUT asking _________of England to choose Scots king = dangerous because... So why? Margaret died ... ______ = not usable Civil war in Scotland = Robert ____, Earl of ___, Earl of Athol So... Letter from Bishop of ________asking for help to stop civil war So... Letter from Bruce ‘Appeal ________’ asking to be chosen as king

Questions on Great Cause Read and complete these sentences using p. 12-15 Who did Wishart want to be king and why? Why did Scots meet king Edward? Why did the Guardians want Edward to come to them? What astonished the Guardians What is the evidence about Edward’s intentions towards Scotland? What did he want to do? What was the ‘Great Cause? Who were the main claimants? Explain what their claims were? Who do you think had the best claim? What was the award of Norham and why was it important? Why did everyone agree to Edward’s demands?

What happened at Norham? Edward I came to border at Norham Demanded to be Scotland’s overlord before decision Army with him read to invade Navy on standby Guardians said that this could only be done by a King of Scotland after he’d been chosen So Edward forced all claimants to do homage to him = judge of who was Scottish king ?? Did this mean they’d given up Scotland? Michael Brown says this meant it would be harder for a new king to challenge English authority

What happened at Norham? Edward I came to _______ at Norham Demanded to be Scotland’s _________ before he... ______ with him read to invade ______ on standby _________said that this could only be done by a King of Scotland after he’d been chosen So Edward forced all claimants to ... = _________ of who was Scottish king ?? Did this mean they’d given up Scotland? Michael Brown says this meant it would be harder for a new king to ...

When did Edward decide to take over? Had just conquored Wales But was friendly with Alexander III Had signed Treaty of Birgham So maybe just being opportunistic... Now was his time to take over!

When did Edward decide to take over? Had just ... But was friendly with ... Had signed ... So maybe just being opportunistic... Now was his time to take over!

The Great Cause 1291: Game of Thrones? 13 people claimed the throne Game of Thrones theme Task: family tree jigsaw: put the family tree together using the instructions on each card Task: Coat of arms Design a coat of arms for each claimant It must show visually how they claim the throne And something to make them memorable While you’re doing it... Listen to some contemporary music Sumer is icumen in

The Great Cause 1291: Game of Thrones? 13 people claimed the throne of Scotland

What were the possible ways for Edward to make his judgement? Proximity = how close on the family tree you are to the previous king Primogeniture = closest descendant of male heir Did anyone renounce the throne? (Florence’s claim) Can Scotland be divided? If so many claimants can share it. Feudalism = English king overlord of everyone in Scotland Best friend to England Task: Look at the family tree and decide who would best fit each option. In fact Edward was an expert lawyer, and had much advice. He did therefore follow the law. But other options may have also helped make his decision!

The Great Cause 1291: Game of Thrones? Who had the best claim to the throne? Chosen through primogeniture = oldest male first Then oldest female Balliol = descended through oldest daughter Bruce = descended from a younger daughter NB Balliol last to swear homage... Suggests he was a stronger claimant who could stand up to Edward

The Great Cause 1291: Game of Thrones? Who had the best claim to the throne? Chosen through ________________ = oldest male first Then oldest female _____ = descended through oldest daughter _____ = descended from a younger daughter So strongest claim is: NB Balliol last to swear homage... Suggests he was a stronger claimant who could stand up to Edward