Similarities The peak of Islam’s political and military power All based on military conquest All from Turkic nomadic cultures All absolute monarchies

Differences All were Muslim but Mughals ruled over a predominantly non-Muslim population Ottomans had large Christian minority Safavids were Shi’ite Muslims

OTTOMANSOTTOMANS

OSMAN attempts to build a unified empire by conquering & controlling lands in Anatolia (east of Constantinople) –gunpowder & cannons  military strength –1299 – Ottoman Empire is established O – Osman:

Title of caliph (spiritual leader, guide Islamic faith) given to the Sultans of the Ottoman Empire since the 16 th century (1500s) T – Title of Caliph:

Non-Muslims paid a tax, but they were allowed to practice their religion or to convert to Islam. T – Tolerant of Non-Muslims:

The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims and they used Janissaries: young boys taken from the Christian population. Boys were converted to Islam and trained as elite soldiers or slaves to serve the Sultan ( Devshirme) O – Ottomans were:

Ottomans laid siege to Constantinople Fall of Constantinople in 1453 brought end to the Byzantine Empire The Ottomans made the city their capital renaming it Istanbul _mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active _mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active M – Mehmet II:

Ottomans produced coffee, carpets, and ceramics that were traded along the Silk Road across the Middle East to Asia A – A lot of trade:

Greatest of Ottoman rulers, Suleiman I. Suleiman ruled for 46 years. He was a great military commander, but he is known for his legislation as well. He codified Ottoman law keeping Islamic faith, took into account Christian inhabitants of the Empire, addressed taxes, and built more schools. N – Notable Ruler: Suleiman I

Selim II, inherited the throne from Suleiman but was defeated militarily in 1571 by Spain & Italy corruption & power struggles Decline of Ottomans S – Slow decline:

SAFAVIDSSAFAVIDS

Shah Ismail seized much of what is today Iran and Iraq (1501) Ismail sent missionaries into Ottoman lands Massacred Sunni Muslims (Ottomans) when he conquered Baghdad in 1508 S – Shah Ismail:

Safavids – Shi’ite Muslims Ottoman – Sunni Muslims In response to the massacre of Sunni Muslims when Ismail conquered Baghdad- Selim the Grim order that 40,000 Shi’ite Muslims to be killed in the Ottoman Empire *Conflict between Sunnis and Sh’iites continues today A – A Religious Conflict:

Safavids were open to foreigners in their empire F – Foreigners Welcomed:

Similar to the Ottomans Used a slave army like the Janissaries A – Army:

V – Vibrant Middle Class: Safavids had vibrant middle class Carpet weaving became a national industry (Persian rugs)

Safavid Empire is Iran today I – Iran:

D – Downfall: The Safavids declined after death of Shah Abbas in 1629 By 1722 Afghanistan tribal armies were taking over portions of the Safavid Empire

Safavids reached peak of power under Shah Abbas Shah Abbas encouraged international trade and the production of silks, carpets, ceramics and metal ware for sale to Europeans. S – Shah Abbas the Great:

MUGHALSMUGHALS

Mughal Empire- what is now Modern Day India M – Modern Day India:

After Babur’s (Mughal founder) death, his grandson, Akbar, continued the expansion until most of India was under his control U – Unified Empire:

Political stability and peace = period of growth in trade MANY REFORMS MADE BY ruler Akbar! Educated gov’t officials, reorganized tax system, built libraries & schools G – Golden Age:

Although Muslim, Akbar adopted a policy of religious tolerance for Hindus He abolished special tax on non- Muslims H – Hindus Accepted:

A – Art and Architecture Were well supported by Akbar Patron of many Akbar’s court Architecture – massive, graceful, decorated with stonework of Hindu themes

The British began to setup trading ports along Western coast of India Brought elegant Mughal textiles to British markets Began influence of Britian in India L –: Lasting impact of textile industry

S – Shah Jahan: Raises taxes Shah Jahan built Taj Mahal for deceased wife His son Aurangzeb succeeds him and Mughal decline begins