4 TH GRADE SOCIAL STUDIES

WHAT DO YOU THINK THIS PICTURE REPRESENTS? – TAKE A MINUTE TO EVALUATE, THEN DISCUSS WITH A PARTNER

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD Painted by Charles T Webber “The Underground Railroad”, painted in 1893 Was one of Webber’s most famous artworks and is on permanent display at the Cincinnati Art Museum. The artwork shows - fugitive slaves arriving at the farm of abolitionists Levi and Catherine Coffin and Hannah Haycock leading a group of blacks. Webber was supposedly friends with Levi, Catherine and Hannah Levi Coffin is known as the President of the Underground Railroad Levi’s’ home was known as Grand Central Station of the Underground Railroad.

CHARLES T WEBBER Birth: December 25, 1825 Death April 5, 1911 Was born in New York and then moved to Ohio In Ohio he opened his own private studio He specialized in portraiture, painted portraits of 3 Ohio governors, and also painted landscapes, genre, and historical scenes. He became an art professor at the Ohio Mechanics Institute and the Art Academy of Cincinnati.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION How can music be used to help communicate messages?

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD The Underground Railroad was a secret network of safe houses and abolitionists who helped slaves escape from freedom during the period before the American Civil War. Any person who sheltered, provided food, clothing or assisted in anyway was considered part of the railroad. Slaves would travel hundreds of miles to reach freedom. They traveled through woods, fields and across rivers. They would usually travel during the night so they they wouldn’t be detected. How they traveled: coaches, trains, steamships, wagon, foot

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD TERMS Abolitionist = A reformer who favors abolishing slavery Fugitive slave = A person who has escaped slavery or captivity (freedom seeker) Bounty Hunter = A person or group of individuals who hunt for and capture runaway slaves in order to return them to their owner for financial reward. (Slave cater) Stations = where fugitives would rest and eat Stationmasters = Who the stations were run by Conductors = anyone that helped transport the escaped slaves Harriet Tubman (Moses of the blacks) Levi Coffin, a Cincinnati Quaker = most famous members of the Underground Railroad

WHAT WERE SOME WAYS PEOPLE CLAIM HELPED SLAVES COMMUNICATE ABOUT ESCAPING Hidden messages Songs Quilts Lanterns on porches

THINGS TO THINK ABOUT Melody - a sequence of single notes that is musically satisfying. Verse - writing arranged with a metrical rhythm, typically having a rhyme. Chorus - A line or group of lines repeated at intervals in a song. Rhyme - correspondence of sound between words or the endings of words Code words – words or sentences that have secret meanings. Ex: passenger = escaping slave

SONG #1 FOLLOW THE DRINKING GOURD

FOLLOW THE DRINKING GOURD LYRICS 1.When the sun comes back, 2.and the first quail calls, 3.Follow the drinking gourd 4.The old man is awaiting for to carry you to freedom 5.The dead trees show you the way; Left foot, peg foot, traveling on POSSIBLE MEANING 1.Refers to the winter or spring. The days are getting longer 2.Refers to the breeding season. Quail in Alabama start calling to each other in early to mid-April. 3.Big Dipper star formation, Which points to the North 4."Ole man" is nautical slang for "Captain”. Peg Leg Joe was formerly a sailor who supposedly met fugitives at the banks of the Ohio and helped them escape 5.Peg Leg Joe marked trees and other landmarks "with charcoal or mud of the outline of a human left foot and a round spot in place of the right foot

SONG #2 Swing Low, Sweet Chariot

SWING LOW, SWEET CHARIOT LYRICS 1.I looked over Jordan, and what did I see? 2.A band of angels 3.‘comin after me 4.Swing low 5.Sweet chariot 6.Comin’ for to carry me home POSSIBLE MEANINGS 1.I looked over the Mississippi River (or Ohio River) and what did I see 2.Workers from the Underground Railroad 3.Helping me to reach the North 4.Come into the slaveholding states 5.Referred to the wagons and carriages that were used to transport the slaves 6.Get them to freedom

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD ROUTES IN MARYLAND

DIRECTIONS FOR CREATING YOUR MAP 1.Take out a piece of white construction paper 2.Write your name on the back 3.Start by drawing where your house will be 4.Decide where you want to end up 5.Draw a route from point A (your house) to point B (wherever else you chose) in pencil only 6.Put “landmarks” or specific details so that you can use them in your song during the next activity (ex: Mailbox, post office, bank, fire hydrant) 7.Draw a dashed line to from point A to point B to clearly show how to get to and from your two locations

DIRECTIONS FOR CREATING “DIRECTIONS/LYRICS” 1.Take out a sheet of lined paper 2.Put the name and date at the top 3.Start by writing notes down of what you think you want to say for your directions 4.Choose a song or melody you’re familiar with; ex: Twinkle Twinkle Little Star, Row row row your boat 5.Write your directions based on the melody you chose so that if you wanted to sing the directions you could. 6.Have at least 4 lines in your song 7.Have at least 2 code words in your directions 8.Have at least 1 rhyme in your directions 9.Write your code words and meanings at the bottom of the “directions” so that I can relate back to them. 10. Re-write this all on a clean sheet of paper that will be turned in 11. Color your map if you have extra time

GRADING For Map Complete a map with your house labeled and second location labeled Must show on map the route you are taking to get from your house to the second location. (Ex- dashed lines from point A to point B) For Directions/Lyrics Must have at least 2 code words in directions Must write at bottom of lined paper what each code word means Must attempt to use familiar melody – write familiar melody name at top of lined paper (Twinkle Twinkle Little Star) Must be at least 4 lines of direction/song lyrics Must rhyme at least 1 time in direction/song lyrics