Sustainable Housing HIST12797 Architectural History

Sustainable Development The most widely accepted definition of sustainable development is creatively ambiguous “Humanity has the ability to make development sustainable—to ensure that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” 3 3. World Commission on Environment and Devel-opment (WCED), Our Common Future (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), 8.

PEOPLE ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT

What is Sustainable Development? It is the harmonious integration of a sound and viable economy ; Responsible governance; Social cohesion; and Ecological integrity to ensure that development is a life- sustaining process.  SOURCE: U.S. National Research Council, Policy Division, Board on Sustainable Development, Our Common Journey: A Transition Toward Sustainability (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999). uproceeding/SustDev%20Ruth.ppthttp:// uproceeding/SustDev%20Ruth.ppt.

Sustainable Housing What would a house need to be considered truly sustainable? 1) Made from materials on site 2) Uses energy created on site 3) Re-uses water on site 4) Reduces or re-uses waste on site 5) Transportation is walking, cycling or renewable energy-based

1) Sustainable Housing from materials on site Building Materials – Adobe [ mud brick ] – thatch, – logs, – wooden shingles, – wooden sticks, – animal skins, – rammed earth or – packed snow

1) Sustainable Housing from materials on site The Inuit word,“iglu”,can be used for a house built of any material and is not confined only to snow houses. Several dialects throughout the Canadian Arctic use iglu for all buildings, including snow houses. Outside Inuit society, "igloo" refers exclusively to shelters constructed from blocks of snow, generally in the form of a dome. But Miler Lagos, presented a unique igloo at the Magnan Metz Gallery, New York City. The artist built igloo from books. The dome is completely enclosed and self-supporting.

1) Sustainable Housing from materials on site Family life inside an igloo. This temporary shelter was rarely used for more than a month since heat and humidity from the occupants' bodies would form a film of ice on the snow, destroying its insulating properties. s/snowshe6.gif

1) Sustainable Housing from materials on site A mudbrick is a firefree brick, made of a mixture of clay, mud, sand, and water mixed with a binding material such as rice husks or straw. They use a stiff mixture and let them dry in the sun for 25 days Men making adobe mud bricks, village of Ollantaytambo, Peru king_Adobe_mud_bricks_copy-250x170.jpg king_Adobe_mud_bricks_copy-250x170.jpg s.org/learn/architecture/ pictures/mudbrick.jpg Mudbrick drying

1) Sustainable Housing from materials on site Mud brick town Morrocco Mud brick + thatch roof tbn0.gstatic.com/images? q=tbn:ANd9GcRyYvTWlU 41T3dHODfuZCGeBmlgpX k-ozNrTJEqs80uoVbooZnT tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRpJfOWSgKOcL Tin5E3YcaREENP8SkI9VsYAxbcg4zmcpC3HZB0AQ

Log/Timber Homes The size and replacement of the log home depends on how long it takes to grow the trees needed for construction. og-notch-dovetail-variations.jpg

2) Use of energy created on site Wood-fired heating achieved by cutting trees in a nearby woodlot Open fire in a cave Stone or brick fireplace in a castle “Pennsylvania Fireplace” invented by Benjamin Franklin in the 1780s. A fire place in a metal box

2) Use of energy created on site After WW1, coal furnaces heated the whole house. It was converted to oil or gas – all of it non-renewable. Today, we can heat with solar thermal panels on the roof if only our houses were air-tight and properly insulated.

CMHC's Healthy House in Toronto In June 1991, CMHC announced its Healthy Housing Design Competition. The objective was to demonstrate to the public and the housing industry that it is now possible to design houses for the Canadian climate that are in keeping with the principles of sustainable development and are healthy for the occupants.

CMHC's Healthy House in Toronto HEATING SYSTEM A - SUN B - CO-GENERATOR UNIT C - RADIANT SOLAR FLOORS D - THERMAL STORAGE TANK E - SUPER INSULATED WALLS, FLOORS AND ROOF F - SUPER EFFICIENT WINDOWS G - IVY TRELLIS AND DECIDUOUS TREES ELECTRICAL SYSTEM B - CO-GENERATOR UNIT K - SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS L – BATTERIES VENTILATION SYSTEM J - HEAT RECOVERY VENTILATOR (HRV) WATER HEATING SYSTEM A - SUN B - CO-GENERATOR UNIT D - THERMAL STORAGE TANK M - SOLAR THERMAL PANELS N - RECLAIMED-HOT-WATER TANK O - DRINKABLE-WATER TANK

A Passive House is... Building Envelope: Passive House Primerwww.passivhaus.org.uk

A Passive House is...

Sustainable Housing The Principles of sustainable design for dwellings HOLISTIC APPROACH — An integrated design approach is preferable to a fragmented one; everything is connected to everything else SITE — The specific nature of a place controls sustainable design ENERGY USE — Reducing energy use is more cost effective than producing or reclaiming it RESOURCE USE — Aiming for durability and re-use is more efficient than recycling products and materials HEALTH — A sustainable environment is a healthy one for people SIMPLICITY — Simple solutions are better than those which are complicated, over-designed or rely on “technical fixes” PARTICIPATION — Sustainable design involves the user at all stages EFFICIENCY — Good sustainable design produces multiple benefits from one feature Sustainable Housing Design Guide for Scotland Figure 3.1a “The whole house” acts as a recycling system in carefully re-using all of the elements wherever possible. This helps maximise the efficiency of resource use

Sources and Resources mohesr.com/uploads/custompages/WHAT%20IS%20SUSTAINABLE%20DEVELOPME NT.pdf. mohesr.com/uploads/custompages/WHAT%20IS%20SUSTAINABLE%20DEVELOPME NT.pdf This article was published in the April 2005 issue of Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, Volume 47, Number 3, pages 8–21. © Robert W. Kates, Thomas M. Parris, and Anthony A. Leiserowitz, For more information about Environment, see eeding/SustDev%20Ruth.ppt eeding/SustDev%20Ruth.ppt Sustainable Housing Design Guide for Scotland documents.co.uk/document/deps/cs/shdg/ch03/ch03.pdf documents.co.uk/document/deps/cs/shdg/ch03/ch03.pdf